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Infect Immun, February 1998, p. 441-443, Vol. 66, No. 2
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Susceptibility and Serologic Response of Healthy Adults to Reinfection with Cryptosporidium parvum

Pablo C. Okhuysen,1,* Cynthia L. Chappell,1 Charles R. Sterling,2 Walter Jakubowski,3 and Herbert L. DuPont1

Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical School and Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas1; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona2; and Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio3

Received 30 June 1997/Returned for modification 7 August 1997/Accepted 3 November 1997

Healthy adults are susceptible to infection with small numbers of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, resulting in self-limited infection. We investigated if infection of humans with C. parvum is protective 1 year after primary exposure. At 1 year after a primary challenge with 30 to 106 oocysts, 19 healthy immunocompetent adults were rechallenged with 500 oocysts and monitored for the development of infection and/or illness. Oocyst excretion was quantitated by direct immunofluorescence with a C. parvum-specific monoclonal antibody, and anti-C. parvum antibodies in serum were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fewer subjects shed oocysts after the second exposure (3 of 19; 16%) than after the first exposure (12 of 19; 63%) (P < 0.005). Although the rates of diarrhea were comparable after each of the two exposures, the clinical severity as determined by the mean number of unformed stools passed was lower after reexposure (11.25 versus 8.62; P < 0.05). The number of anti-Cryptosporidium immunoglobulin G and A seroconversions increased after secondary exposure. However, the C. parvum serum antibody response did not correlate with the presence or absence of infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School and School of Public Health, 6431 Fannin, 1.728 JFB, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: (713) 500-6736. Fax: (713) 500-5495. E-mail: Okhuysen{at}heart.med.uth.tmc.edu.




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