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Infect Immun, February 1998, p. 573-580, Vol. 66, No. 2
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Activation of Bovine Lymphocyte Subpopulations by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C

Witold A. Ferens,1 William C. Davis,2 Mary Jo Hamilton,2 Yong H. Park,3 Claudia F. Deobald,1 Lawrence Fox,4 and Gregory Bohach1,*

Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 838441; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology2 and Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery,4 Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164; and Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea3

Received 22 July 1997/Returned for modification 16 October 1997/Accepted 17 November 1997

Staphylococcus aureus is a major mastitis-causing pathogen in cattle. The chronic nature of bovine staphylococcal mastitis suggests that some products or components of S. aureus may interfere with the development of protective immunity. One class of molecules that could be involved are superantigens (SAgs). Although a significant number of mastitis isolates produce SAgs, the effect of these molecules on the bovine immune system is unresolved. To determine if immunosuppression caused by SAgs could play a role in pathogenesis, we monitored bovine lymphocytes exposed to staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1). Activation of bovine lymphocytes by either SEC1 or concanavalin A (ConA) was influenced by the gamma delta /alpha beta T-cell ratio in the culture. Compared to ConA-induced stimulation, cultures stimulated with SEC1 generated small numbers of CD4+ alpha beta T cells expressing high levels of interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2Ralpha ) and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), suggesting that SAg exposure does not lead to full activation of these cells. This state of partial activation was most pronounced in cultures with a high gamma delta /alpha beta ratio. In contrast, significant numbers of CD8+ alpha beta T cells expressed high levels of IL-2Ralpha and MHCII, regardless of the gamma delta /alpha beta ratio and the stimulant used. CD8+ blasts in cultures stimulated with SEC1 also expressed another activation marker, ACT3, previously detected predominantly on thymocytes and CD4+ T cells. Although gamma delta CD2- and CD2+ T cells expressed MHCII and IL-2Ralpha following stimulation with SEC1, only a few cells increased to blast size, suggesting that they were only partially activated. The results suggest ways in which SAgs might facilitate immunosuppression that promotes the persistence of bacteria in cattle and contributes to chronic intramammary infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844. Phone: (208) 885-6666. Fax: (208) 885-6518. E-mail: gbohach{at}uidaho.edu.




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