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Infect Immun, February 1998, p. 581-586, Vol. 66, No. 2
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Mice Are Protected from Helicobacter pylori Infection by Nasal Immunization with Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium phoPc Expressing Urease A and B Subunits

Irène E. Corthésy-Theulaz,1,* Sally Hopkins,2 Daniel Bachmann,1 Pierre F. Saldinger,1 Nadine Porta,1 Rainer Haas,3 Yan Zheng-Xin,4 Thomas Meyer,4 Hanifa Bouzourène,5 André L. Blum,1 and Jean-Pierre Kraehenbuhl2

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine CHUV,1 and Institute of Pathology,5 Lausanne University, Lausanne, and Biochemistry Institute and ISREC, Epalinges,2 Switzerland, and Max von Pettenkofer Institut, Munich,3 and Max Planck Institut für Biologie, Tübingen,4 Germany

Received 27 August 1997/Returned for modification 22 October 1997/Accepted 28 November 1997

Live Salmonella typhimurium phoPc bacteria were tested as mucosal vaccine vectors to deliver Helicobacter pylori antigens. The genes encoding the A and B subunits of H. pylori urease were introduced into S. typhimurium phoPc and expressed under the control of a constitutive tac promoter (tac-ureAB) or a two-phase T7 expression system (cT7-ureAB). Both recombinant Salmonella strains expressed the two urease subunits in vitro and were used to nasally immunize BALB/c mice. The plasmid carrying cT7-ureAB was stably inherited by bacteria growing or persisting in the spleen, lungs, mesenteric or cervical lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches of immunized mice, while the plasmid carrying tac-ureAB was rapidly lost. Spleen and Peyer's patch CD4+ lymphocytes from mice immunized with S. typhimurium phoPc cT7-ureAB proliferated in vitro in response to urease, whereas cells from mice given S. typhimurium phoPc alone did not. Splenic CD4+ cells from mice immunized with phoPc cT7-ureAB secreted gamma interferon and interleukin 10, while Peyer's patch CD4+ cells did not secrete either cytokine. Specific H. pylori anti-urease immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2A antibodies were detected following immunization, confirming that both Th1- and Th2-type immune responses were generated by the live vaccine. Sixty percent of the mice (9 of 15) immunized with S. typhimurium phoPc cT7-ureAB were found to be resistant to infection by H. pylori, while all mice immunized with phoPc tac-ureAB (15 of 15) or phoPc (15 of 15) were infected. Our data demonstrate that H. pylori urease delivered nasally by using a vaccine strain of S. typhimurium can trigger Th1- and Th2-type responses and induce protective immunity against Helicobacter infection.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, CHUV - BH-19N-624, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Phone: 41 21 314 06 85. Fax: 41 21 314 06 84. E-mail: Irene.CorthesyTheulaz{at}ipharm.unil.ch.




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