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Infect Immun, April 1998, p. 1718-1725, Vol. 66, No. 4
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role of Adenylate Cyclase-Hemolysin in Alveolar Macrophage Apoptosis during Bordetella pertussis Infection In Vivo

Pascale Gueirard,1 Anne Druilhe,2 Marina Pretolani,2 and Nicole Guiso1,*

Laboratoire des Bordetella1 and Unité de Pharmacologie Cellulaire, INSERM U485,2 Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Received 9 October 1997/Returned for modification 18 November 1997/Accepted 17 December 1997

Bordetella pertussis induces in vitro apoptosis of murine alveolar macrophages by a mechanism that is dependent on expression of bacterial adenylate cyclase-hemolysin. Using a murine respiratory model, we found in this study that intranasal infection with a parental B. pertussis strain, but not with an isogenic variant deficient in the expression of all toxins and adhesins, induced a marked neutrophil accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and an early decrease in macrophage numbers. These phenomena paralleled a time-dependent rise in the proportion of apoptotic nuclei, as detected by flow cytometry, and of macrophages which had engulfed apoptotic bodies. Apoptotic death of bronchopulmonary cells was observed exclusively following intranasal infection with bacteria reisolated from lungs of infected animals and not with B. pertussis collected after in vitro subculture. Using the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling technique coupled to fluorescence microscopy and morphological analysis, we established that the apoptotic cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were neutrophils and macrophages. Histological analysis of the lung tissues from B. pertussis-infected mice showed increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the alveolar compartments. Cellular accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages were significantly attenuated in mice infected with a mutant deficient in the expression of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, indicating a role of this enzyme in these processes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire des Bordetella, Centre National de Référence des Bordetelles, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Phone: (33-1) 45.68.83.34. Fax: (33-1) 40.61.35.33. E-mail: nguiso{at}pasteur.fr.




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