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Infect Immun, May 1998, p. 1981-1984, Vol. 66, No. 5
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Nonspecific Binding of Clostridium difficile Toxin A to Murine Immunoglobulins Occurs via the Fab Component

Deborah L. Cooke1 and S. Peter Borriello1,2,*

Microbial Pathogenicity Research Group, Institute of Infections and Immunity Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH,1 and Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, London NW9 5HT,2 United Kingdom

Received 30 May 1997/Returned for modification 25 June 1997/Accepted 11 February 1998

Clostridium difficile toxin A binds nonspecifically to a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) immunoglobulin G3 lambda  chain [IgG3(lambda )], through the Fab component. This binding, which is retained even after boiling the MAb, is temperature dependent, with more toxin bound at 4 than 37°C (P = 0.0024). The nonspecific binding was decreased by incubation of the IgG3 lambda  MAb with alpha - or beta -galactosidase (P = 0.0001 and 0.029, respectively), indicating that toxin A binds to a carbohydrate moiety on the Fab. However, binding was not blocked by the Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin BS-1, indicating that a terminal alpha -galactose may not be involved. Binding was also not affected by competitive assays with Lewis X antigen. The dependence on carbohydrate moieties in nonspecific binding was also shown for two other MAbs, IgA(kappa ) and IgM(lambda ), with demonstration of a significant reduction in binding with alpha -galactosidase (P = 0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively) but not beta -galactosidase (P = 0.27 and 0.25, respectively).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Ave., Colindale, London NW9 5HT, United Kingdom. Phone: 0181 200 4400, ext. 3838. Fax: 0181 205 1630. E-mail: PBorriello{at}phls.co.uk.

Infect Immun, May 1998, p. 1981-1984, Vol. 66, No. 5
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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