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Infect Immun, June 1998, p. 2791-2797, Vol. 66, No. 6
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Secretory Phospholipase A2 Is the
Principal Bactericide for Staphylococci and Other Gram-Positive
Bacteria in Human Tears
Xiao-Dan
Qu1 and
Robert I.
Lehrer1,2,*
Department of
Medicine1 and
Molecular Biology
Institute,2 UCLA School of Medicine, Los
Angeles, California 90095-1690
Received 11 February 1998/Returned for modification 10 March
1998/Accepted 24 March 1998
We examined human tears for molecules that killed gram-positive
bacteria. The principal mediator of bactericidal activity against
staphylococci proved to be a calcium-dependent enzyme, secretory
phospholipase A2. Whereas the concentration of secretory phospholipase A2 in the normal tear film exceeded 30 µg/ml, only 1.1 ng (<0.1 nM) of the enzyme per ml sufficed to kill
Listeria monocytogenes and 15 to 80 ng/ml killed
Staphylococcus aureus. Despite its efficacy against
gram-positive bacteria, secretory phospholipase A2 lacked
bactericidal activity against gram-negative organisms
(Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa) when tested in the ionic
environment of tears. Given the presence of secretory phospholipase
A2 in tears, intestinal secretions, and leukocytes, this
enzyme may play a substantial role in innate mucosal and systemic
bactericidal defenses against gram-positive bacteria.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Medicine, Box 951690, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
90095-1690. Phone: (310) 825-5340. Fax: (310) 206-8766. E-mail:
rlehrer{at}med1.medsch.ucla.edu.
Infect Immun, June 1998, p. 2791-2797, Vol. 66, No. 6
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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