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Infect Immun, July 1998, p. 3029-3034, Vol. 66, No. 7
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Expression of Legionella pneumophila Virulence Traits in Response to Growth Conditions

Brenda Byrne and Michele S. Swanson*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Received 30 October 1997/Returned for modification 6 January 1998/Accepted 10 February 1998

In nature, Legionella pneumophila replicates exclusively as an intracellular parasite of amoebae, but it also persists in the environment as a free-living microbe. Studies of how this opportunistic pathogen recognizes and responds to distinct extracellular and intracellular environments identified a link between the growth phase and expression of traits previously correlated with virulence. When cultured in broth, only post-exponential-phase L. pneumophila was sodium sensitive, cytotoxic, osmotically resistant, competent to evade macrophage lysosomes, infectious, and motile. Likewise, the L. pneumophila phenotype changed during growth in macrophages. During the intracellular replication period, this bacterium was sodium resistant and lacked flagella; concomitant with macrophage lysis, L. pneumophila became sodium sensitive and flagellated. Expression of the virulent phenotype was a response to starvation, since exponential-phase L. pneumophila became cytotoxic, sodium sensitive, and motile after incubation in broth from stationary-phase cultures, except when it was supplemented with amino acids. Together, these data indicate that while nutrients are plentiful, intracellular L. pneumophila organisms are dedicated to replication; when amino acids become limiting, the progeny express virulence factors to escape the spent host, to disperse and survive in the aquatic environment, and to reestablish a protected intracellular niche favorable for growth.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Michigan Medical School, 6734 Medical Sciences Building II, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0620. Phone: (734) 647-7295. Fax: (734) 764-3562. E-mail: mswanson{at}umich.edu.

Infect Immun, July 1998, p. 3029-3034, Vol. 66, No. 7
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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