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Infect Immun, July 1998, p. 3390-3396, Vol. 66, No. 7
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Differential Kinetics and Distribution of Antibodies in Serum and
Nasal and Vaginal Secretions after Nasal and Oral Vaccination
of Humans
Anna
Rudin,*
Eva-Liz
Johansson,
Charlotta
Bergquist, and
Jan
Holmgren
Department of Medical Microbiology and
Immunology, Göteborg University, S-413 46 Göteborg,
Sweden
Received 30 December 1997/Returned for modification 27 March
1998/Accepted 23 April 1998
Although nasal vaccination has emerged as an interesting
alternative to systemic or oral vaccination, knowledge is
scarce about the immune responses after such immunization in humans. In
the present study, we have compared the kinetics and organ distribution
of the antibody responses after nasal and oral vaccination. We
immunized female volunteers nasally or orally with cholera toxin B
subunit (CTB) and determined the specific antibody levels in serum and
nasal and vaginal secretions, as well as the number of circulating
antibody-secreting cells, before immunization and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 26 weeks thereafter. Nasal vaccination induced 9-fold
CTB-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and 56-fold specific IgG
antibody increases in nasal secretions, whereas no significant IgA
increase was seen after oral vaccination. Both oral and nasal vaccination resulted in 5- to 6-fold CTB-specific IgA and 20- to
30-fold specific IgG increases in vaginal secretions. Strong serum
responses to CTB were also induced by both routes of vaccination. A
notable difference between nasal and oral vaccination was that the
nasal route elicited a specific antibody response with a later onset
but of much longer duration than did the oral route. We conclude from
this study that the nasal route is superior to the oral route for
administering at least nonliving vaccines against infections in the
upper respiratory tract, whereas either oral or nasal vaccination might
be used for eliciting antibody responses in the female genital tract.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Göteborg University,
Guldhedsgatan 10A, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden. Phone:
46-31-604492. Fax: 46-31-820160. E-mail:
anna.rudin{at}microbio.gu.se.
Infect Immun, July 1998, p. 3390-3396, Vol. 66, No. 7
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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