This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Watarai, M.
Right arrow Articles by Takeda, Y.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Watarai, M.
Right arrow Articles by Takeda, Y.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Infection and Immunity, September 1998, p. 4100-4107, Vol. 66, No. 9
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identification and Characterization of a Newly Isolated Shiga Toxin 2-Converting Phage from Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli

Masahisa Watarai,1,2 Toshio Sato,1 Midori Kobayashi,1 Takeshi Shimizu,1 Shinji Yamasaki,1 Toru Tobe,2 Chihiro Sasakawa,2 and Yoshifumi Takeda1,*

Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo 162,1 and Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108,2 Japan

Received 20 April 1998/Returned for modification 22 May 1998/Accepted 2 June 1998

Shiga toxins 1 (Stx1) and 2 (Stx2) are encoded by toxin-converting bacteriophages of Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and so far two Stx1- and one Stx2-converting phages have been isolated from two STEC strains (A. D. O'Brien, J. W. Newlands, S. F. Miller, R. K. Holmes, H. W. Smith, and S. B. Formal, Science 226:694-696, 1984). In this study, we isolated two Stx2-converting phages, designated Stx2Phi -I and Stx2Phi -II, from two clinical strains of STEC associated with the outbreaks in Japan in 1996 and found that Stx2Phi -I resembled 933W, the previously reported Stx2-converting phage, in its infective properties for E. coli K-12 strain C600 while Stx2Phi -II was distinct from them. The sizes of the plaques of Stx2Phi -I and Stx2Phi -II in C600 were different; the former was larger than the latter. The restriction maps of Stx2Phi -I and Stx2Phi -II were not identical; rather, Stx2Phi -II DNA was approximately 3 kb larger than Stx2Phi -I DNA. Furthermore, Stx2Phi -I and Stx2Phi -II showed different phage immunity, with Stx2Phi -I and 933W belonging to the same group. Infection of C600 by Stx2Phi -I or 933W was affected by environmental osmolarity differently from that by Stx2Phi -II. When C600 was grown under conditions of high osmolarity, the infectivity of Stx2Phi -I and 933W was greatly decreased compared with that of Stx2Phi -II. Examination of the plating efficiency of the three phages for the defined mutations in C600 revealed that the efficiency of Stx2Phi -I and 933W for the fadL mutant decreased to less than 10-7 compared with that for C600 whereas the efficiency of Stx2Phi -II decreased to 0.1% of that for C600. In contrast, while the plating efficiency of Stx2Phi -II for the lamB mutant decreased to a low level (0.05% of that for C600), the efficiencies of Stx2Phi -I and 933W were not changed. This was confirmed by the phage neutralization experiments with isolated outer membrane fractions from C600, fadL mutant, or lamB mutant or the purified His6-tagged FadL and LamB proteins. Based on the data, we concluded that FadL acts as the receptor for Stx2Phi -I and Stx2Phi -II whereas LamB acts as the receptor only for Stx2Phi -II.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan. Phone: 81-3-5273-6844. Fax: 81-3-3202-7364. E-mail: resedr{at}imcj.go.jp.


Infection and Immunity, September 1998, p. 4100-4107, Vol. 66, No. 9
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Smith, D. L., James, C. E., Sergeant, M. J., Yaxian, Y., Saunders, J. R., McCarthy, A. J., Allison, H. E. (2007). Short-Tailed Stx Phages Exploit the Conserved YaeT Protein To Disseminate Shiga Toxin Genes among Enterobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 189: 7223-7233 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Asakura, M., Hinenoya, A., Alam, M. S., Shima, K., Zahid, S. H., Shi, L., Sugimoto, N., Ghosh, A. N., Ramamurthy, T., Faruque, S. M., Nair, G. B., Yamasaki, S. (2007). An inducible lambdoid prophage encoding cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt-I) and a type III effector protein in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 14483-14488 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maruyama, F., Kenzaka, T., Yamaguchi, N., Tani, K., Nasu, M. (2005). Visualization and Enumeration of Bacteria Carrying a Specific Gene Sequence by In Situ Rolling Circle Amplification. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 7933-7940 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shima, K., Terajima, J., Sato, T., Nishimura, K., Tamura, K., Watanabe, H., Takeda, Y., Yamasaki, S. (2004). Development of a PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Assay for the Epidemiological Analysis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 5205-5213 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tyler, J. S., Friedman, D. I. (2004). Characterization of a Eukaryotic-Like Tyrosine Protein Kinase Expressed by the Shiga Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophage 933W. J. Bacteriol. 186: 3472-3479 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maruyama, F., Kenzaka, T., Yamaguchi, N., Tani, K., Nasu, M. (2003). Detection of Bacteria Carrying the stx2 Gene by In Situ Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 5023-5028 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Muniesa, M., de Simon, M., Prats, G., Ferrer, D., Panella, H., Jofre, J. (2003). Shiga Toxin 2-Converting Bacteriophages Associated with Clonal Variability in Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains of Human Origin Isolated from a Single Outbreak. Infect. Immun. 71: 4554-4562 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sato, T., Shimizu, T., Watarai, M., Kobayashi, M., Kano, S., Hamabata, T., Takeda, Y., Yamasaki, S. (2003). Genome Analysis of a Novel Shiga Toxin 1 (Stx1)-Converting Phage Which Is Closely Related to Stx2-Converting Phages but Not to Other Stx1-Converting Phages. J. Bacteriol. 185: 3966-3971 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Allison, H. E., Sergeant, M. J., James, C. E., Saunders, J. R., Smith, D. L., Sharp, R. J., Marks, T. S., McCarthy, A. J. (2003). Immunity Profiles of Wild-Type and Recombinant Shiga-Like Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophages and Characterization of Novel Double Lysogens. Infect. Immun. 71: 3409-3418 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • OSAWA, R., IYODA, S., NAKAYAMA, S.-I., WADA, A., YAMAI, S., WATANABE, H. (2000). Genotypic variations of Shiga toxin-converting phages from enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolates. J Med Microbiol 49: 565-574 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Amor, K., Heinrichs, D. E., Frirdich, E., Ziebell, K., Johnson, R. P., Whitfield, C. (2000). Distribution of Core Oligosaccharide Types in Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 68: 1116-1124 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Muniesa, M., Lucena, F., Jofre, J. (1999). Comparative Survival of Free Shiga Toxin 2-Encoding Phages and Escherichia coli Strains outside the Gut. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 5615-5618 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wagner, P. L., Acheson, D. W. K., Waldor, M. K. (1999). Isogenic Lysogens of Diverse Shiga Toxin 2-Encoding Bacteriophages Produce Markedly Different Amounts of Shiga Toxin. Infect. Immun. 67: 6710-6714 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schmidt, H., Bielaszewska, M., Karch, H. (1999). Transduction of Enteric Escherichia coli Isolates with a Derivative of Shiga Toxin 2-Encoding Bacteriophage phi 3538 Isolated from Escherichia coli O157:H7. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 3855-3861 [Abstract] [Full Text]