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Infection and Immunity, September 1998, p. 4331-4339, Vol. 66, No. 9
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Coiling Phagocytosis of Trypanosomatids and Fungal Cells

M. G. Rittig,1,* K. Schröppel,2 K.-H. Seack,3 U. Sander,3 E.-N. N'Diaye,4 I. Maridonneau-Parini,4 W. Solbach,2,dagger and C. Bogdan2

Department of Anatomy I1 and Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene,2 University of Erlangen, Erlangen, and Institut für Wissenschaftlichen Film, Göttingen,3 Germany, and Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, CNRS, Toulouse, France4

Received 9 February 1998/Returned for modification 11 March 1998/Accepted 13 June 1998

Coiling phagocytosis has previously been studied only with the bacteria Legionella pneumophila and Borrelia burgdorferi, and the results were inconsistent. To learn more about this unconventional phagocytic mechanism, the uptake of various eukaryotic microorganisms by human monocytes, murine macrophages, and murine dendritic cells was investigated in vitro by video and electron microscopy. Unconventional phagocytosis of Leishmania spp. promastigotes, Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes, Candida albicans hyphae, and zymosan particles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae differed in (i) morphology (rotating unilateral pseudopods with the trypanosomatids, overlapping bilateral pseudopods with the fungi), (ii) frequency (high with Leishmania; occasional with the fungi; rare with T. cruzi), (iii) duration (rapid with zymosan; moderate with the trypanosomatids; slow with C. albicans), (iv) localization along the promastigotes (flagellum of Leishmania major and L. aethiopica; flagellum or posterior pole of L. donovani), and (v) dependence on complement (strong with L. major and L. donovani; moderate with the fungi; none with L. aethiopica). All of these various types of unconventional phagocytosis gave rise to similar pseudopod stacks which eventually transformed to a regular phagosome. Further video microscopic studies with L. major provided evidence for a cytosolic localization, synchronized replication, and exocytic release of the parasites, extending traditional concepts about leishmanial infection of host cells. It is concluded that coiling phagocytosis comprises phenotypically similar consequences of various disturbances in conventional phagocytosis rather than representing a single separate mechanism.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Anatomy I, University of Erlangen, Krankenhausstrasse 9, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Phone: (49)913185-3707. Fax: (49)913185-2863. E-mail: mfa103{at}rzmail.uni-erlangen.de.

dagger Present address: Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

Infection and Immunity, September 1998, p. 4331-4339, Vol. 66, No. 9
0019-9567/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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