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Infection and Immunity, October 1999, p. 5231-5242, Vol. 67, No. 10
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

P2Z-Independent and P2Z Receptor-Mediated Macrophage Killing by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Olga Zaborina, Namita Misra, Jan Kostal, Shilpa Kamath, Vinayak Kapatral, M. El-Azami El-Idrissi, B. S. Prabhakar, and A. M. Chakrabarty*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612

Received 6 April 1999/Returned for modification 25 June 1999/Accepted 9 July 1999

We demonstrate that a mucoid, alginate-producing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the lungs of a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient secretes multiple enzymes with nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk), ATPase, adenylate kinase, 5'-nucleotidase, and ATP-modifying enzymatic activities. The secretion is triggered at high cell density and in complex media but is greatly reduced when the mucoid cells are grown in mineral salts media or in presence of 5.0 mM Ca2+ or Mg2+. Interestingly, the secretion is triggered primarily in the mucoid CF isolate of strain 8821M (or in strain FRD1) but not in a nonmucoid laboratory strain, PAO1. The purified secreted Ndk shows 100% match in its N-terminal amino acid sequence with that of purified intracellular Ndk and demonstrates similar enzymatic properties. The N-terminal sequence of the purified ATPase isolated from an ndk knockout mutant shows its identity with that of the heat shock chaperonin Hsp60. During fractionation, the flowthrough fraction from a Mono Q column demonstrates the presence of 5'-nucleotidase, adenylate kinase, and a putative ATP reductase activity. These fractions demonstrate high cytotoxic activities for murine peritoneal primary macrophages which can be further stimulated in the presence of ATP or inhibited by pretreatment of macrophages with oxidized ATP (oATP). The cytotoxicity associated with ATP-induced stimulation is believed to be due to activation of macrophage surface-associated P2Z (P2X7) receptors, which are one of the purinergic receptors responsible for pore formation on macrophage membrane. Blocking of these receptors by pretreatment with oATP blocks ATP-induced macrophage cell death. Thus mucoid P. aeruginosa cells elaborate enzymes that modulate the external ATP levels of macrophages, thereby modulating macrophage cell death through P2Z receptor activation. Evidence for the presence of secreted cytotoxic agents that act independently of P2Z receptor activation is also presented.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, M/C 790, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL 60612. Phone: (312) 996-4586. Fax: (312) 996-6415. E-mail: Ananda.Chakrabarty{at}uic.edu.

Infection and Immunity, October 1999, p. 5231-5242, Vol. 67, No. 10
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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