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Infection and Immunity, December 1999, p. 6234-6241, Vol. 67, No. 12
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Intestinal Immune Responses in Patients Infected with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and in Vaccinees

Christine Wennerås,1,* Firdausi Qadri,2 Prodeep K. Bardhan,2 R. Bradley Sack,2 and Ann-Mari Svennerholm1

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden,1 and International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh2

Received 15 March 1999/Returned for modification 24 June 1999/Accepted 10 September 1999

Immune responses against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were examined in Bangladeshi adults with naturally acquired disease and compared to responses in age-matched Bangladeshi volunteers who had been orally immunized with a vaccine consisting of inactivated ETEC bacteria expressing different colonization factor antigens (CFs) and the B subunit of cholera toxin. B-cell responses in duodenal biopsy samples, feces, intestinal washings, and blood were determined. Because most of the patients included in the study were infected with ETEC expressing CS5, immune responses to this CF were studied most extensively. Vaccinees and patients had comparable B-cell responses against this antigen in the duodenum: the median numbers of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) were 3,300 immunoglobulin A (IgA) ASC/107 mononuclear cells (MNC) in the patient group (n = 8) and 1,200 IgA ASC/107 MNC in the vaccinees (n = 13) (not a significant difference). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were seen in the levels of duodenal B cells directed against enterotoxin among vaccinees and patients. A comparison of the capacities of the various methods used to assess mucosal immune responses revealed a correlation between numbers of circulating B cells and antibody levels in saponin extracts of duodenal biopsy samples (r = 0.58; n = 13; P = 0.04) after vaccination. However, no correlation was seen between blood IgA ASC and duodenal IgA ASC after two doses of vaccine. Still, a correlation between numbers of CF-specific B cells in blood sampled from patients early during infection and numbers of duodenal B cells collected 1 week later was apparent (r = 0.70; n = 10; P = 0.03).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden. Phone: 46 31 342 44 92. Fax: 46 31 82 69 76. E-mail: christine.wenneras{at}microbio.gu.se.

Infection and Immunity, December 1999, p. 6234-6241, Vol. 67, No. 12
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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