Ex Vivo Desequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes from Human Placenta by Chondroitin Sulfate A

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Infection and Immunity, December 1999, p. 6596-6602, Vol. 67, No. 12
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Ex Vivo Desequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes from Human Placenta by Chondroitin Sulfate A

J. Gysin,¹^,^* B. Pouvelle,¹ N. Fievet,² A. Scherf,³ and C. Lépolard¹

Unité de Parasitologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée (Aix-Marseille II), 13385 Marseille Cedex 5,¹ and Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte-Parasite, CNRS URA 1960, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15,³ France, and Laboratoire de Parasitologie, OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon²

Received 17 May 1999/Returned for modification 5 August 1999/Accepted 7 September 1999

We performed ex vivo experiments with Plasmodium falciparum-infected human placentas from primi- and multigravida women fromCameroon. All women, independent of their gravida status, hadanti-chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) adhesion antibodies which cross-reactedwith heterologous strains, such as FCR3 and Palo-Alto(FUP)1, whichwere selected for CSA binding. These antibodies, directed againstthe surface of infected erythrocytes obtained by flushing withCSA (IRBC^CSA), were restricted to the immunoglobulin G3 isotypes. Massivedesequestration of parasites was achieved with soluble CSA butnot with anti-ICAM-1 and anti-CD36 monoclonal antibodies. Allof the CSA-flushed parasites were analyzed immediately by usingin vitro assays of binding to Saimiri brain endothelial cells(SBEC) expressing various adhesion receptors. Parasites derivedfrom all six placentas displayed the CSA adhesion phenotype. However,only partial inhibition of adhesion was observed in the presenceof soluble CSA or when Sc1D SBEC were treated with chondroitinaseABC. These results suggest that an additional adhesive moleculeof IRBC^CSA which binds to an unidentified receptor is present in the placenta.This new phenotype was lost once the parasites adapted to in vitroculture. We observed additional differences in the CSA adhesionphenotype between placental parasites and in vitro-cultured parasitespanned on endothelial cells carrying CSA. The minimum size offractionated CSA required for a significant inhibition of placentalIRBC^CSA adhesion to Sc1D cells was 1 to 2 kDa, which contrasts with the4-kDa size necessary to reach equivalent levels of inhibitionwith panned IRBC^CSA of this phenotype. All placental IRBC^CSA cytoadhered to Sc17 SBEC, which express only the CSA receptor.Panning of IRBC^CSA on these cells resulted in a significant quantitative increaseof IRBC cytoadhering to the CSA of Sc1D cells but did not changetheir capacity for adhesion to CSA on normal placenta cryosections.Our results indicate that the CSA binding phenotype is heterogeneousand that several distinct genes may encode P. falciparum-CSA ligandswith distinct bindingproperties.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité de Parasitologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée(Aix-Marseille II), 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France. Phone: 4-91-32-46-33/35.Fax: 4-91-32-46-34. E-mail: gysin{at}medecine.univ-mrs.fr.

Infection and Immunity, December 1999, p. 6596-6602, Vol. 67, No. 12
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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