The Link between Phylogeny and Virulence in Escherichia coli Extraintestinal Infection

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Infection and Immunity, February 1999, p. 546-553, Vol. 67, No. 2
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Link between Phylogeny and Virulence in Escherichia coli Extraintestinal Infection

Bertrand Picard,¹ José Sevali Garcia,² Stéphanie Gouriou,¹ Patrick Duriez,³ Naïma Brahimi,⁴ Edouard Bingen,⁴ Jacques Elion,³ and Erick Denamur³^,^*

Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Morvan, Brest,¹ Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique $---$ Hôpitaux de Paris,² INSERM U 458³ and Laboratoire de Recherche en Bactériologie Pédiatrique (JE 2255), Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7,⁴ Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France

Received 27 April 1998/Returned for modification 13 July 1998/Accepted 5 November 1998

Previous studies suggesting a link between Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups and extraintestinal virulence have been hamperedby the difficulty in establishing the intrinsic virulence of abacterial strain. Indeed, unidentified virulence factors do exist,and the susceptibility of the host to infection is highly variable.To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a mouse modelof extraintestinal virulence to test the virulence of the strainsunder normalized conditions. We then assessed the phylogeneticrelationships compared to the E. coli reference (ECOR) collection,the presence of several known virulence determinants, and thelethality to mice of 82 human adult E. coli strains isolated fromnormal feces and during the course of extraintestinal infections.Commensal strains belong mainly to phylogenetic groups A and B1,are devoid of virulence determinants, and do not kill the mice.Strains exhibiting the same characteristics as the commensal strainscan be isolated under pathogenic conditions, thus indicating therole of host-dependent factors, such as susceptibility linkedto underlying disease, in the development of infection. Some strainsof phylogenetic groups A, B1, and D are able to kill the mice,their virulence being most often correlated with the presenceof virulence determinants. Lastly, strains of the B2 phylogeneticgroup represent a divergent lineage of highly virulent strainswhich kill the mice at high frequency and possess the highestlevel of virulence determinants. The observed link between virulenceand phylogeny could correspond to the necessity of virulence determinantsin a genetic background that is adequate for the emergence ofa virulent clone, an expression of the interdependency of pathogenicityand metabolic activities in pathogenicbacteria.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: INSERM U 458, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 blvd. Sérurier, 75395 Paris cedex 19, France.Phone: 33 140 03 19 31. Fax: 33 1 40 03 22 77. E-mail: denamur{at}infobiogen.fr.

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Philippe Goullet, a pioneer in the analysis of the genetic structure of E. coli.

Infection and Immunity, February 1999, p. 546-553, Vol. 67, No. 2
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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