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Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1063-1071, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Non-Serum-Dependent Chemotactic Factors Produced by Candida albicans Stimulate Chemotaxis by Binding to the Formyl Peptide Receptor on Neutrophils and to an Unknown Receptor on Macrophages

Heather A. Edens,1,* Charles A. Parkos,2,dagger Tony W. Liang,2,dagger Algirdas J. Jesaitis,1 Jim E. Cutler,1 and Heini M. Miettinen1

Department of Microbiology, Montana State University---Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana 59717,1 and Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 021152

Received 3 June 1998/Returned for modification 11 August 1998/Accepted 9 December 1998

Serum-free culture filtrates of six Candida species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found to contain chemoattractants for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and a mouse macrophage-like cell line, J774. The chemotactic factors differed for the PMN and J774 cells, however, in terms of heat stability, kinetics of liberation by the yeast cells, and divalent cation requirements for production. The chemoattractant in Candida albicans culture filtrates appeared to act through the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) of PMNs, since it was found to induce chemotaxis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that were expressing the human FPR but did not induce chemotaxis of wild-type CHO cells. The C. albicans culture filtrates also induced migration of PMNs across confluent monolayers of a human gastrointestinal epithelial cell line, T84; migration occurred in the basolateral-to-apical direction but not the reverse direction, unless the epithelial tight junctions were disrupted. J774 cells did not migrate toward the formylated peptide (fMet-Leu-Phe; fMLF), and chemotaxis toward the C. albicans culture filtrate was not inhibited by an FPR antagonist (t-butoxycarbonyl-Met-Leu-Phe), suggesting that a different receptor mediated J774 cell chemotaxis. In conclusion, we have identified a receptor by which a non-serum-dependent chemotactic factor (NSCF) produced by C. albicans induced chemotaxis of PMNs. Additionally, we have shown that NSCF was active across epithelial monolayers. These findings suggest that NSCFs produced by C. albicans and other yeast species may influence host-pathogen interactions at the gastrointestinal tract mucosal surface by inducing phagocytic-cell infiltration.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University---Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717. Phone: (406) 994-5722. Fax: (406) 994-4926. E-mail: hedens{at}trex2.oscs.montana.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.

Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1063-1071, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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