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Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1227-1237, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identification of a Cytolethal Distending Toxin Gene Locus and Features of a Virulence-Associated Region in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Marcia P. A. Mayer,1 Lina C. Bueno,1 Eric J. Hansen,2 and Joseph M. DiRienzo1,*

Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6002,1 and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-90482

Received 26 October 1998/Returned for modification 4 December 1998/Accepted 15 December 1998

A genetic locus for a cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) was identified in a polymorphic region of the chromosome of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a predominant oral pathogen. The locus was comprised of three open reading frames (ORFs) that had significant amino acid sequence similarity and more than 90% sequence identity to the cdtABC genes of some pathogenic Escherichia coli strains and Haemophilus ducreyi, respectively. Sonic extracts from recombinant E. coli, containing the A. actinomycetemcomitans ORFs, caused the distension and killing of Chinese hamster ovary cells characteristic of a CDT. Monoclonal antibodies made reactive with the CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC proteins of H. ducreyi recognized the corresponding gene products from the recombinant strain. CDT-like activities were no longer expressed by the recombinant strain when an Omega Kan-2 interposon was inserted into the cdtA and cdtB genes. Expression of the CDT-like activities in A. actinomycetemcomitans was strain specific. Naturally occurring expression-negative strains had large deletions within the region of the cdt locus. The cdtABC genes were flanked by an ORF (virulence plasmid protein), a partial ORF (integrase), and DNA sequences (bacteriophage integration site) characteristic of virulence-associated regions. These results provide evidence for a functional CDT in a human oral pathogen.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 4001 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6002. Phone: (215) 898-6551. Fax: (215) 898-8385. E-mail: dirienzo{at}pobox.upenn.edu.

Infection and Immunity, March 1999, p. 1227-1237, Vol. 67, No. 3
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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