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Infection and Immunity, April 1999, p. 1763-1769, Vol. 67, No. 4
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Interleukin-12 Production Is Required for Chlamydial Antigen-Pulsed Dendritic Cells To Induce Protection against Live Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

Hang Lu, and Guangming Zhong*

Molecular Immunology Section, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada

Received 22 October 1998/Returned for modification 18 December 1998/Accepted 20 January 1999

Immunization with dendritic cells pulsed ex vivo with antigens has been successfully used to elicit primary antigen-specific immune responses. We report that mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with inactivated chlamydial organisms induced strong protection against live chlamydial infection in a mouse lung infection model. Either the dendritic cells or chlamydial organisms alone or macrophages similarly pulsed with chlamydial organisms failed to induce any significant protection. These observations suggest that dendritic cells can efficiently process and present chlamydial antigens to naive T cells in vivo. Mice immunized with the chlamydia-pulsed dendritic cells preferentially developed a Th1 cell-dominant response while mice immunized with the other immunogens did not, suggesting a correlation between a Th1 cell-dominant response and protection against chlamydial infection. We further found that dendritic cells produced a large amount of interleukin 12 (IL-12) upon ex vivo pulsing with inactivated chlamydial organisms, which may allow the dendritic cells to direct a Th1 cell-dominant response. Dendritic cells from mice deficient in the IL-12 p40 gene failed to produce IL-12 after a similar ex vivo pulse with chlamydial organisms, and more importantly, immunization with these dendritic cells failed to induce a Th1 cell-dominant response and did not induce strong protection against chlamydial infection. Thus, the ability of dendritic cells to efficiently process and present chlamydial antigens and to produce IL-12 upon chlamydial-organism stimulation are both required for the induction of protection against chlamydial infection. This information may be useful for the further design of effective chlamydial vaccines.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, 508-730 William Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0W3. Phone: (204) 789-3835. Fax: (204) 789-3926. E-mail: gmzhong{at}cc.umanitoba.ca.

Infection and Immunity, April 1999, p. 1763-1769, Vol. 67, No. 4
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 1999 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.