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Infection and Immunity, April 1999, p. 1943-1946, Vol. 67, No. 4
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Middle Ear Fluid Cytokine and Inflammatory Cell Kinetics in the Chinchilla Otitis Media Model

Katsuro Sato,1,2,dagger Carol L. Liebeler,1,3 Moses K. Quartey,1,3 Chap T. Le,1,4 and G. Scott Giebink1,2,3,*

Otitis Media Research Center,1 Departments of Otolaryngology2 and Pediatrics,3 Medical School, and Biostatistics Division, School of Public Health,4 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Received 22 September 1998/Returned for modification 16 November 1998/Accepted 18 January 1999

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent microbe causing middle ear infection. The pathophysiology of pneumococcal otitis media has been characterized by measurement of local inflammatory mediators such as inflammatory cells, lysozyme, oxidative metabolic products, and inflammatory cytokines. The role of cytokines in bacterial infection has been elucidated with animal models, and interleukin (IL)-1beta , IL-6, and IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ) are recognized as being important local mediators in acute inflammation. We characterized middle ear inflammatory responses in the chinchilla otitis media model after injecting a very small number of viable pneumococci into the middle ear, similar to the natural course of infection. Middle ear fluid (MEF) concentrations of IL-1beta , IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were measured by using anti-human cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagents. IL-1beta showed the earliest peak, at 6 h after inoculation, whereas IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha concentrations were increasing 72 h after pneumococcal inoculation. IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha but not IL-1beta concentrations correlated significantly with total inflammatory cell numbers in MEF, and all four cytokines correlated significantly with MEF neutrophil concentration. Several intercytokine correlations were significant. Cytokines, therefore, participate in the early middle ear inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Box 296 Mayo, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Phone: (612) 624-6159. Fax: (612) 624-8927. E-mail: giebi001{at}tc.umn.edu.

dagger Current address: Department of Otolaryngology, Nigata University School of Medicine, Nigata, Japan.

Infection and Immunity, April 1999, p. 1943-1946, Vol. 67, No. 4
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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