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Infection and Immunity, May 1999, p. 2482-2490, Vol. 67, No. 5
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

In Vivo Analysis of Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase Expression in Human Oral Candidiasis

Julian R. Naglik,1 George Newport,2 Theodore C. White,2,dagger Lynette L. Fernandes-Naglik,1 John S. Greenspan,2 Deborah Greenspan,2 Simon P. Sweet,1 Stephen J. Challacombe,1 and Nina Agabian2,3,*

Oral AIDS Research Unit, Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, GKT Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom,1 and Department of Stomatology2 and Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,3 University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143

Received 23 November 1998/Returned for modification 13 January 1999/Accepted 23 February 1999

Secreted aspartyl proteinases are putative virulence factors in Candida infections. Candida albicans possesses at least nine members of a SAP gene family, all of which have been sequenced. Although the expression of the SAP genes has been extensively characterized under laboratory growth conditions, no studies have analyzed in detail the in vivo expression of these proteinases in human oral colonization and infection. We have developed a reliable and sensitive procedure to detect C. albicans mRNA from whole saliva of patients with oral C. albicans infection and those with asymptomatic Candida carriage. The reverse transcription-PCR protocol was used to determine which of the SAP1 to SAP7 genes are expressed by C. albicans during colonization and infection of the oral cavity. SAP2 and the SAP4 to SAP6 subfamily were the predominant proteinase genes expressed in the oral cavities of both Candida carriers and patients with oral candidiasis; SAP4, SAP5, or SAP6 mRNA was detected in all subjects. SAP1 and SAP3 transcripts were observed only in patients with oral candidiasis. SAP7 mRNA expression, which has never been demonstrated under laboratory conditions, was detected in several of the patient samples. All seven SAP genes were simultaneously expressed in some patients with oral candidiasis. This is the first detailed study showing that the SAP gene family is expressed by C. albicans during colonization and infection in humans and that C. albicans infection is associated with the differential expression of individual SAP genes which may be involved in the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0422, 521 Parnassus St., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422. Phone: (415) 476-6844. Fax: (415) 476-0664. E-mail: agabian{at}itsa.ucsf.edu.

dagger Present address: Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pathobiology, University of Seattle, Seattle, WA 98109-1651.

Infection and Immunity, May 1999, p. 2482-2490, Vol. 67, No. 5
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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