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Infection and Immunity, June 1999, p. 3121-3127, Vol. 67, No. 6
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Porcine Epithelial beta -Defensin 1 Is Expressed in the Dorsal Tongue at Antimicrobial Concentrations

Jishu Shi,1 Guolong Zhang,2 Hua Wu,2 Christopher Ross,2 Frank Blecha,2 and Tomas Ganz1,*

Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095,1 and Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 665062

Received 2 December 1998/Returned for modification 13 January 1999/Accepted 26 March 1999

Epithelial cells and phagocytes contain antimicrobial polypeptides that participate in innate host defense. A recently cloned porcine beta -defensin, PBD-1, was detected by Northern organ blots exclusively in the tongue epithelium. We generated recombinant PBD-1 peptide by using a baculovirus-insect cell expression system and obtained two forms (PBD-142 and PBD-138), which differed by N-terminal truncation. Only PBD-142 was found in scrapings of the surface of the dorsal tongue or the buccal mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining with antibody to PBD-142 revealed that PBD-1 was highly concentrated in an ~0.1-mm-thick layer in the cornified tips of the filiform (but not fungiform) papillae of the dorsal tongue and in the superficial squamous cell layers of the buccal mucosa. By scraping, extraction, and semiquantitative Western blotting, the concentration of PBD-1 in the dorsal tongue surface and the buccal mucosa was estimated at 20 to 100 µg/ml. PBD-1 had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Candida albicans in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Added NaCl progressively inhibited the activity of PBD-1 against E. coli and C. albicans. In 10 mM sodium phosphate with 125 mM NaCl, the combinations of sublethal concentrations of PBD-1 and the porcine neutrophil peptide PG-3, PR-39, or PR-26 showed synergistic activity against E. coli or the multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium DT104. At its physiologic concentration, PBD-1 has antimicrobial effects under both low- and high-salt conditions encountered in the oral cavity and may contribute to the antimicrobial barrier properties of the dorsal tongue and oral epithelium.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Phone: (310) 825-6112. Fax: (310) 206-8766. E-mail: Tganz{at}ucla.edu.

Infection and Immunity, June 1999, p. 3121-3127, Vol. 67, No. 6
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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