Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Four-Year-Old Children after Primary Immunization with Acellular Pertussis Vaccines

This Article

	Full Text
	Full Text (PDF)
	Alert me when this article is cited
	Alert me if a correction is posted

Services

	Similar articles in this journal
	Similar articles in PubMed
	Alert me to new issues of the journal
	Download to citation manager
	Reprints and Permissions
	Copyright Information
	Books from ASM Press
	MicrobeWorld

Citing Articles

	Citing Articles via HighWire
	Citing Articles via Google Scholar

Google Scholar

	Articles by Ausiello, C. M.
	Articles by Cassone, A.
	Search for Related Content

PubMed

	PubMed Citation
	Articles by Ausiello, C. M.
	Articles by Cassone, A.

Previous Article | Next Article

Infection and Immunity, August 1999, p. 4064-4071, Vol. 67, No. 8
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Four-Year-Old Children after Primary Immunization with Acellular Pertussis Vaccines

Clara M. Ausiello,¹^,^* Roberto Lande,¹ Francesca Urbani,¹ Andrea la Sala,¹ Paola Stefanelli,¹ Stefania Salmaso,² Paola Mastrantonio,¹ and Antonio Cassone¹

Departments of Bacteriology and Medical Mycology¹ and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,² Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy

Received 19 January 1999/Returned for modification 12 February 1999/Accepted 17 May 1999

Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to Bordetella pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin [PT], pertactin [PRN], and filamentoushemagglutinin [FHA]) were assessed in 48-month-old recipientsof acellular pertussis [aP] vaccines (either from Chiron-Biocine[aP-CB] or from SmithKline Beecham [aP-SB]) and compared to CMIresponses to the same antigens at 7 months of age, i.e., 1 monthafter completion of the primary immunization cycle. None of thechildren enrolled in this study received any booster of pertussisvaccines or was affected by pertussis during the whole follow-upperiod. Overall, around 75% of 4-year-old children showed a CMI-positiveresponse to at least one B. pertussis antigen, independently ofthe type of aP vaccine received, and the proportion of CMI responderswere at least equal at 48 and 7 months of age. However, longitudinalexamination of individual responses showed that from 20 (againstPT) to 37% (against FHA) of CMI responders after primary immunizationbecame negative at 48 months of age. This loss was more than compensatedfor by conversion to positive CMI responses, ranging from 36%against FHA to 69% against PRN, in other children who were CMInegative at 7 months of age. In 60 to 80% of these CMI converters,a lack of decline or even marked elevation of antibody (Ab) titersagainst B. pertussis antigens also occurred between 20 and 48months of age. In particular, the frequency of seropositivityto PRN and FHA (but not to PT) was roughly three times higherin CMI converters than in nonconverters. The acquisition of CMIresponse to B. pertussis antigens in 48-month-old children wasnot associated with a greater frequency of coughing episodes lasting $>=$ 7 days and was characterized by a prevalent type 1 cytokine profile,with high gamma interferon and low or no production of interleukin-5,reminiscent of cytokine patterns following immunization with whole-cellpertussis vaccine or natural infection. Our data imply that vaccination-inducedsystemic CMI may wane by 4 years of age but may be acquired ornaturally boosted by symptomless or minor clinical infection byB. pertussis. This might explain, at least in part, the persistenceof protection against typical pertussis in aP vaccine recipientsdespite a substantial waning of both Ab and CMI responses inducedby the primaryimmunization.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Bacteriology and Medical Mycology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, VialeRegina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Phone: 39-06-49902890. Fax:39-06-49387112. E-mail: ausiello{at}sun.iss.it.

Infection and Immunity, August 1999, p. 4064-4071, Vol. 67, No. 8
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

This article has been cited by other articles:

Banus, S., Bottema, R. W. B., Siezen, C. L. E., Vandebriel, R. J., Reimerink, J., Mommers, M., Koppelman, G. H., Hoebee, B., Thijs, C., Postma, D. S., Kimman, T. G., Stelma, F. F. (2007). Toll-Like Receptor 4 Polymorphism Associated with the Response to Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccination in Children from the KOALA Study. CVI 14: 1377-1380 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Geurtsen, J., Banus, H. A., Gremmer, E. R., Ferguson, H., de la Fonteyne-Blankestijn, L. J. J., Vermeulen, J. P., Dormans, J. A. M. A., Tommassen, J., van der Ley, P., Mooi, F. R., Vandebriel, R. J. (2007). Lipopolysaccharide Analogs Improve Efficacy of Acellular Pertussis Vaccine and Reduce Type I Hypersensitivity in Mice. CVI 14: 821-829 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Meyer, C. U., Zepp, F., Decker, M., Lee, M., Chang, S.-J., Ward, J., Yoder, S., Bogaert, H., Edwards, K. M. (2007). Cellular Immunity in Adolescents and Adults following Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Administration. CVI 14: 288-292 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Upham, J. W., Rate, A., Rowe, J., Kusel, M., Sly, P. D., Holt, P. G. (2006). Dendritic Cell Immaturity during Infancy Restricts the Capacity To Express Vaccine-Specific T-Cell Memory. Infect. Immun. 74: 1106-1112 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Mattoo, S., Cherry, J. D. (2005). Molecular Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Infections Due to Bordetella pertussis and Other Bordetella Subspecies. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18: 326-382 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Ausiello, C. M., Lande, R., Stefanelli, P., Fazio, C., Fedele, G., Palazzo, R., Urbani, F., Mastrantonio, P. (2003). T-Cell Immune Response Assessment as a Complement to Serology and Intranasal Protection Assays in Determining the Protective Immunity Induced by Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in Mice. CVI 10: 637-642 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Upham, J. W., Lee, P. T., Holt, B. J., Heaton, T., Prescott, S. L., Sharp, M. J., Sly, P. D., Holt, P. G. (2002). Development of Interleukin-12-Producing Capacity throughout Childhood. Infect. Immun. 70: 6583-6588 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Salmaso, S., Mastrantonio, P., Tozzi, A. E., Stefanelli, P., Anemona, A., Atti, M. L. C. d., Giammanco, A., the Stage III Working Group, (2001). Sustained Efficacy During the First 6 Years of Life of 3-Component Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Administered in Infancy: The Italian Experience. Pediatrics 108: e81-81 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Corcoran, A., Doyle, S., Waldron, D., Nicholson, A., Mahon, B. P. (2000). Impaired Gamma Interferon Responses against Parvovirus B19 by Recently Infected Children. J. Virol. 74: 9903-9910 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rowe, J., Macaubas, C., Monger, T. M., Holt, B. J., Harvey, J., Poolman, J. T., Sly, P. D., Holt, P. G. (2000). Antigen-Specific Responses to Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Human Infants Are Initially Th2 Polarized. Infect. Immun. 68: 3873-3877 [Abstract] [Full Text]

J. Bacteriol.	J. Virol.	Eukaryot. Cell

Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.	Clin. Vaccine Immunol.	All ASM Journals