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Infection and Immunity, September 1999, p. 4510-4516, Vol. 67, No. 9
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Stress-Induced Membrane Association of the Streptococcus mutans GTP-Binding Protein, an Essential G Protein, and Investigation of Its Physiological Role by Utilizing an Antisense RNA Strategy

Didi Baev,1 Reg England,2 and Howard K. Kuramitsu1,*

Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214,1 and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom2

Received 26 April 1999/Returned for modification 19 May 1999/Accepted 7 June 1999

SGP (for Streptococcus GTP-binding protein) is a Streptococcus mutans essential GTPase which has significant sequence identity to the previously identified Escherichia coli Era protein and to numerous other prokaryotic GTPase proteins of unknown function. Recent studies in our laboratory have addressed the possible role of SGP in the stress response of the oral pathogen S. mutans. Here we report that during growth in the early stationary phase, and in response to elevated temperatures or acidic pH, the distribution of SGP between the cytoplasm and the membranes of S. mutans cells varies. Immunoblot analysis of soluble and membrane protein fractions collected from the mid-log and early stationary growth phases of bacterial populations grown at normal temperature (37°C) and at the elevated temperature of 43°C, or at acidic pH, demonstrated that the total amount of SGP increased with the age of the bacterial culture, elevated temperature, or acidic pH. Furthermore, it was established that a substantial amount of SGP is associated with the membrane fraction under stress conditions. In order to investigate the physiological role of SGP, we constructed an S. mutans strain capable of chromosomal sgp antisense RNA expression, which interferes with the normal information processing of the sgp gene. Utilizing this strain, we determined conditions whereby the streptococcal cells can be depleted of SGP, thus avoiding the problem of constructing a conditional lethal system. From the results of measurements of the nucleotide pools extracted from the antisense strain and its isogenic counterpart, we propose that one of the physiological roles of SGP is regulation and modulation of the GTP/GDP ratio under different growth conditions. Moreover, we observed that in SGP-depleted cells the levels of glucan-binding protein A (GbpA) substantially increased, suggesting that GbpA may have stress response-related physiological functions. Finally, the potential applications of the antisense RNA approach that we employed are discussed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: SUNY at Buffalo, Department of Oral Biology, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214. Phone: (716) 829-2068. Fax: (716) 829-3942. E-mail: kuramits{at}acsu.buffalo.edu.

Infection and Immunity, September 1999, p. 4510-4516, Vol. 67, No. 9
0019-9567/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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