Bacterial Induction of Beta Interferon in Mice Is a Function of the Lipopolysaccharide Component

doi:10.1128/IAI.68.3.1600-1607.2000

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Infection and Immunity, March 2000, p. 1600-1607, Vol. 68, No. 3
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Bacterial Induction of Beta Interferon in Mice Is a Function of the Lipopolysaccharide Component

Andreas Sing,¹^, Thomas Merlin,¹ Hans-Peter Knopf,¹^, Peter J. Nielsen,¹ Harald Loppnow,² Chris Galanos,¹ and Marina A. Freudenberg¹^,^*

Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, D-79108 Freiburg,¹ and Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Forschungslabor, D-06097 Halle (Saale),² Germany

Received 22 July 1999/Returned for modification 20 September 1999/Accepted 22 November 1999

We investigated the reason for the inability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-resistant (Lps-defective [Lps^d]) C57BL/10ScCr mice to produce beta interferon (IFN- $beta$ ) when stimulatedwith bacteria. For this purpose, the IFN- $beta$ and other macrophagecytokine responses induced by LPS and several killed gram-negativeand gram-positive bacteria in LPS-sensitive (Lps-normal [Lpsⁿ]; C57BL/10ScSn and BALB/c) and Lps^d (C57BL/10ScCr and BALB/c/l) mice in vitro and in vivo were investigatedon the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) was used as a nonbacterial stimulus. LPS and all gram-negativebacteria employed induced IFN- $beta$ in the Lpsⁿ mice but not in the Lps^d mice. All gram-positive bacteria tested failed to induce significantamounts of IFN- $beta$ in all four of the mouse strains used. As expected,all other cytokines tested (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin1 $alpha$ [IL-1 $alpha$ ], IL-6, and IL-10) were differentially induced by gram-negativeand gram-positive bacteria. Stimulation with dsRNA induced IFN- $beta$ and all other cytokines mentioned above in all mouse strains,regardless of their LPS sensitivities. The results suggest stronglythat LPS is the only bacterial component capable of inducing IFN- $beta$ in significant amounts that are readily detectable under the conditionsused in this study. Consequently, in mice, IFN- $beta$ is inducibleonly by gram-negative bacteria, but not in C57BL/10ScCr or otherLPS-resistantmice.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany. Phone:49-761-5108-404. Fax: 49-761-5108-403. E-mail: freudenberg{at}immunbio.mpg.de.

Present address: Max-von-Pettenkofer-Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Abt. Bakteriologie, D-80336 Munich,Germany.

Present address: Novartis Pharma AG, Biotechnology, S-506.3.14, CH-4002 Basel,Switzerland.

Infection and Immunity, March 2000, p. 1600-1607, Vol. 68, No. 3
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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