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Infection and Immunity, April 2000, p. 1905-1911, Vol. 68, No. 4
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Immunity to Onchocerciasis: Cells from Putatively Immune Individuals Produce Enhanced Levels of Interleukin-5, Gamma Interferon, and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Response to Onchocerca volvulus Larval and Male Worm Antigens

Prasad S. D. Turaga,1 Tracy J. Tierney,1,2 Kristine E. Bennett,1,2 Maggie C. McCarthy,1,2 Scott C. Simonek,1,2 Peter A. Enyong,2 Daniel W. Moukatte,3 and Sara Lustigman1,*

Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, New York Blood Center, New York, New York,1 and Tropical Medicine Research Station2 and District Referal Hospital,3 Kumba, Cameroon

Received 22 July 1999/Returned for modification 30 September 1999/Accepted 11 January 2000

Antigen-specific interleukin-5 (IL-5), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma ), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) responses in individuals living in an area of hyperendemicity for onchocerciasis in Cameroon were examined. The responses against antigens prepared from Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae (L3), molting L3 (mL3), and crude extract from adult males (M-OvAg) were compared to the responses against antigens from adult female worms and skin microfilariae. Cytokine responses for the putatively immune individuals (PI) and the infected individuals (INF) were compared. A differential cytokine profile of IL-5 (Th2 phenotype) and IFN-gamma (Th1 phenotype) was found in these individuals in response to the antigens. In both the PI and the INF, Th2 responses against all the antigens tested were dominant. However, in the PI group as a whole, there was an enhanced Th2 response against the larval antigens and the adult male and adult female antigens, and a Th1 response in a subgroup of the PI (27 to 54.5%) against L3, mL3, and M-OvAg antigens was present. While the PI produced significantly higher levels of GM-CSF against L3, mL3, and M-OvAg antigens than the INF, there was no difference in the GM-CSF responses of the groups against the other antigens. The present study indicated that, in comparison to the INF, the PI have distinct larva-specific and adult male-specific cytokine responses, thus supporting the premise that immunological studies of the PI would lead to the identification of immune mechanisms and the target genes that play a role in protective immunity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, The Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th St., New York, NY 10021. Phone: (212) 570-3119. Fax: (212) 570-3121. E-mail: slustigm{at}server.nybc.org.

Infection and Immunity, April 2000, p. 1905-1911, Vol. 68, No. 4
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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