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Infection and Immunity, April 2000, p. 2135-2141, Vol. 68, No. 4
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Pilot Study of phoP/phoQ-Deleted
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Expressing
Helicobacter pylori Urease in Adult Volunteers
Haroula
Angelakopoulos and
Elizabeth L.
Hohmann*
Infectious Disease Division, Department of
Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
Received 3 November 1999/Returned for modification 22 December
1999/Accepted 7 January 2000
Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been
studied as an oral vaccine vector. Despite success with attenuated
S. enterica serovar Typhimurium vectors in animals, early
clinical trials of S. enterica serovar Typhi expressing
heterologous antigens have shown that few subjects have detectable
immune responses to vectored antigens. A previous clinical study of
phoP/phoQ-deleted S. enterica serovar Typhi
expressing Helicobacter pylori urease from a multicopy
plasmid showed that none of eight subjects had detectable immune
responses to the vectored antigen. In an attempt to further define the
variables important for engendering immune responses to vectored
antigens in humans, six volunteers were inoculated with 5 × 107 to 8 × 107 CFU of
phoP/phoQ-deleted S. enterica serovar
Typhimurium expressing the same antigen. Two of the six volunteers had
fever; none had diarrhea, bacteremia, or other serious side effects.
The volunteers were more durably colonized than in previous studies of
phoP/phoQ-deleted S. enterica serovar Typhi.
Five of the six volunteers seroconverted to S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium antigens and had strong evidence of
anti-Salmonella mucosal immune responses by enzyme-linked
immunospot studies. Three of six (three of five who seroconverted to
Salmonella) had immune responses in the most sensitive
assay of urease-specific immunoglobulin production by blood mononuclear
cells in vitro. One of these had a fourfold or greater increase in
end-point immunoglobulin titer in serum versus urease. Attenuated
S. enterica serovar Typhimurium appears to be more
effective than S. enterica serovar Typhi for engendering
immune responses to urease. Data suggest that this may be related to a
greater stability of antigen-expressing plasmid in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and/or prolonged intestinal colonization. Specific factors unique to nontyphoidal salmonellae may
also be important for stimulation of the gastrointestinal immune system.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Infectious
Diseases Division, Gray/Jackson 504, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114. Phone: (617)
724-7532. Fax: (617) 724-3761. E-mail:
ehohmann{at}partners.org.
Infection and Immunity, April 2000, p. 2135-2141, Vol. 68, No. 4
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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