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Infection and Immunity, June 2000, p. 3147-3152, Vol. 68, No. 6
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Microgravity as a Novel Environmental Signal Affecting Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence

Cheryl A. Nickerson,1,* C. Mark Ott,2 Sarah J. Mister,1 Brian J. Morrow,3 Lisa Burns-Keliher,3,4 and Duane L. Pierson5

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-26991; EASI/Wyle Laboratories, Microbiology Laboratory, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 770582; Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 631303; Monsanto Company, Life Sciences Informatics, St. Louis, Missouri 631674; and Life Sciences Research Laboratories, NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 770585

Received 2 November 1999/Returned for modification 19 January 2000/Accepted 23 February 2000

The effects of spaceflight on the infectious disease process have only been studied at the level of the host immune response and indicate a blunting of the immune mechanism in humans and animals. Accordingly, it is necessary to assess potential changes in microbial virulence associated with spaceflight which may impact the probability of in-flight infectious disease. In this study, we investigated the effect of altered gravitational vectors on Salmonella virulence in mice. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium grown under modeled microgravity (MMG) were more virulent and were recovered in higher numbers from the murine spleen and liver following oral infection compared to organisms grown under normal gravity. Furthermore, MMG-grown salmonellae were more resistant to acid stress and macrophage killing and exhibited significant differences in protein synthesis than did normal-gravity-grown cells. Our results indicate that the environment created by simulated microgravity represents a novel environmental regulatory factor of Salmonella virulence.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SL38, Tulane University Medical School, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112-2699. Phone: (504) 988-4609. Fax: (504) 588-5144. E-mail: cnicker{at}mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu.

Infection and Immunity, June 2000, p. 3147-3152, Vol. 68, No. 6
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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