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Infection and Immunity, July 2000, p. 3873-3877, Vol. 68, No. 7
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Antigen-Specific Responses to Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Human Infants Are Initially Th2 Polarized

J. Rowe,1 C. Macaubas,1 T. M. Monger,1 B. J. Holt,1 J. Harvey,1 J. T. Poolman,2 P. D. Sly,1,3 and P. G. Holt1,4,*

TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research,1 and Departments of Microbiology4 and Paediatrics,3 University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, and SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Rixensart, Belgium2

Received 28 December 1999/Returned for modification 31 January 2000/Accepted 30 March 2000

Immune responses to exogenous antigens in infant experimental animals display various degrees of Th2 polarization. Preliminary evidence from small human studies suggest a similar age-dependent response pattern to vaccines, but detailed investigations on vaccine immunity during infancy have not yet been undertaken. We report below the results of a comprehensive prospective study on responses to the tetanus component of the diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine in a cohort of 55 healthy children, employing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected at the 2-, 4-, and 6-month vaccinations and at 12 months. Antigen-specific production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma ) was determined at each sample point, in parallel with polyclonal (phytohemagglutinin PHA-induced) cytokine responses. Our results indicate early and persistent Th2 responses to the vaccine, in contrast to a more delayed and transient pattern of IFN-gamma production. This initial disparity between the Th1 and Th2 components of the vaccine response was mirrored by patterns of polyclonally induced cytokine production, suggesting that the delayed maturation of the Th1 component of the vaccine response during infancy is secondary to developmental processes occurring within the overall Th cell system.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Cell Biology, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, P.O. Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia. Phone: 61 8 9340 8592. Fax: 61 8 9381 8086. E-mail: patrick{at}ichr.uwa.edu.au.

Infection and Immunity, July 2000, p. 3873-3877, Vol. 68, No. 7
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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