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Infection and Immunity, July 2000, p. 4303-4311, Vol. 68, No. 7
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Helicobacter pylori Modulates Lymphoepithelial Cell Interactions Leading to Epithelial Cell Damage through Fas/Fas Ligand Interactions

Jide Wang,1 Xuejun Fan,1 Catharina Lindholm,2 Michael Bennett,3 Joe O'Connoll,3 Fergus Shanahan,3 Edward G. Brooks,1 Victor E. Reyes,1,4 and Peter B. Ernst1,4,5,*

Departments of Pediatrics1 and Microbiology & Immunology4 and Sealy Center for Molecular Sciences,5 University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555-0366; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden2; and Department of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland3

Received 22 December 1999/Returned for modification 22 February 2000/Accepted 20 April 2000

Helicobacter pylori causes a common chronic infection of humans that leads to epithelial cell damage. Studies have shown that apoptosis of the gastric epithelium is increased during infection and this response is associated with an expansion of gastric T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells. We report that gastric T cells contribute to apoptosis of the epithelium by a Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) interaction. Fas receptor expression was detected on freshly isolated gastric epithelial cells by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and this level of expression was increased during infection with H. pylori. The expression of Fas receptor on three gastric epithelial cell lines was increased by H. pylori, either alone or in combination with gamma interferon or tumor necrosis factor alpha. The role of Fas in apoptosis of gastric epithelial cell lines was evidenced by DNA fragmentation after cross-linking of Fas with specific antibodies. FasL expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on mononuclear cells in gastric biopsy specimens of infected but not uninfected subjects. Gastric T-cell lines were also shown to express FasL, as evidenced by reverse transcription-PCR and killing of target cells expressing Fas receptor. Moreover, these T-cell lines were capable of killing cultured gastric epithelial target cells and antibodies that block the interaction between Fas receptor and FasL inhibited this cytotoxic activity. These observations demonstrate that local Th1 cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric disease during H. pylori infection by increasing the expression of Fas on gastric epithelial cells and inducing apoptosis through Fas/FasL interactions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Children's Hospital Rm 2.300, UTMB, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366. Phone: (409) 772-1750. Fax: (409) 772-1761. E-mail: Pernst{at}utmb.edu.

Infection and Immunity, July 2000, p. 4303-4311, Vol. 68, No. 7
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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