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Infection and Immunity, August 2000, p. 4505-4517, Vol. 68, No. 8
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Variability of Outer Membrane Protein P1 and Its Evaluation
as a Vaccine Candidate against Experimental Otitis Media
due to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: an
Unambiguous, Multifaceted Approach
Gilles R.
Bolduc,
Valérie
Bouchet,
Ru-Zhang
Jiang,
Janet
Geisselsoder,
Que Chi
Truong-Bolduc,
Peter A.
Rice,
Stephen I.
Pelton, and
Richard
Goldstein*
The Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious
Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
Received 11 February 2000/Returned for modification 23 March
2000/Accepted 5 May 2000
Candidate vaccine antigens for preventing otitis media caused
by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) should
possess one or more conserved epitopes. We sought to evaluate the
candidacy of P1, a surface-expressed outer membrane protein knowing
that this antigen is subject to diversifying selection. Therefore, we
selected NTHI strains from among >500 phylogenically variant isolates
representative of the diversity found in natural populations of
H. influenzae. Twenty-three variants of P1 (
95%
similarity) were identified among 42 strains. When chinchillas were
immunized with recombinant P1 (rP1) obtained from one of these isolates (BCH-3), all animals developed antibodies specific for rP1. Immunized animals were protected against disease when challenged with BCH-3, but not with an ompP1 mutant of BCH-3 or a strain (BCH-2)
possessing a heterologous P1 (91% identity). We conclude that (i)
while P1 induces protection against NTHI-mediated otitis media,
development of a polyvalent vaccine reflecting the variability of P1
would be necessary to construct an efficacious vaccine and (ii) use of
a phylogenically characterized collection of representative isolates in
concert with gene sequencing, cloning, gene inactivation, and animal
testing offers an efficient, rational, and rigorous strategy for
evaluating the potential problems associated with variability of
vaccine targets and specificity of related immune responses.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Section of
Molecular Genetics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Maxwell
Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, 774 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118. Phone: (617) 638-5328. Fax:
(617) 414-7222. E-mail: genetics{at}bu.edu.

Present address: Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
02115.

Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin
300071,
People's Republic of
China.
Infection and Immunity, August 2000, p. 4505-4517, Vol. 68, No. 8
0019-9567/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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