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Infection and Immunity, January 2001, p. 345-352, Vol. 69, No. 1
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.1.345-352.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Clonal Associations among Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Various Sites of Infection

Mary C. Booth,1,* Lisa M. Pence,1 Param Mahasreshti,1 Michelle C. Callegan,1 and Michael S. Gilmore1,2

Department of Ophthalmology,1 and Department of Microbiology and Immunology,2 The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Received 24 July 2000/Returned for modification 29 August 2000/Accepted 25 October 2000

A molecular epidemiological analysis was undertaken to identify lineages of Staphylococcus aureus that may be disproportionately associated with infection. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of 405 S. aureus clinical isolates collected from various infection types and geographic locations was performed. Five distinct S. aureus lineages (SALs 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6) were identified, which accounted for 19.01, 9.14, 22.72, 10.12, and 4.69% of isolates, respectively. In addition, 85 lineages which occurred with frequencies of <2.5% were identified and were termed "sporadic." The most prevalent lineage was methicillin-resistant S. aureus (SAL 4). The second most prevalent lineage, SAL 1, was also isolated at a high frequency from the anterior nares of healthy volunteers, suggesting that its prevalence among clinical isolates may be a consequence of high carriage rates in humans. Gene-specific PCR was carried out to detect genes for a number of staphylococcal virulence traits. tst and cna were found to be significantly associated with prevalent lineages compared to sporadic lineages. When specific infection sites were examined, SAL 4 was significantly associated with respiratory tract infection, while SAL 2 was enriched among blood isolates. SAL 1 and SAL 5 were clonally related to SALs shown by others to be widespread in the clinical isolate population. We conclude from this study that at least five phylogenetic lineages of S. aureus are highly prevalent and widely distributed among clinical isolates. The traits that confer on these lineages a propensity to infect may suggest novel approaches to antistaphylococcal therapy.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: C/o Michael S. Gilmore, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, BRC 356, P.O. Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73190. Phone: (405) 271-1084. Fax: (405) 271-8781. E-mail: mgilmore{at}aardvark.ou.edu.

Infection and Immunity, January 2001, p. 345-352, Vol. 69, No. 1
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.1.345-352.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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