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Infection and Immunity, October 2001, p. 6217-6224, Vol. 69, No. 10
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6217-6224.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection Induces Expression of the Early Growth Response Factor by Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades in Epithelial Cells

Myriam de Grado, Carrie M. Rosenberger, Annick Gauthier, Bruce A. Vallance, and B. Brett Finlay*

Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada

Received 20 February 2001/Returned for modification 24 April 2001/Accepted 28 June 2001

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an extracellular bacterial pathogen that infects the human intestinal epithelium and is a major cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. EPEC belongs to the group of attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens. It uses a type III secretion system to deliver proteins into the host cell that mediate signal transduction events in host cells. We used gene array technology to study epithelial cell responses to EPEC infection at the level of gene expression. We found that EPEC induces the expression of several genes in infected HeLa cells by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-independent mechanism, including cytokines and early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1). The transcription factor Egr-1 is an immediate-early-induced gene that is activated in most cell types in response to stress. EPEC-induced upregulation of egr-1 is mediated by the activation of the MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal transduction pathway and is dependent on the type III secretion system. egr-1 is also induced during infection of mice by the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, suggesting that both Egr-1 and the activation of this mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway may play a role in disease.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Room 237 Wesbrook Building, 6174 University Blvd., Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada. Phone: (604) 822-2210. Fax: (604) 822-9830. E-mail: bfinlay{at}interchange.ubc.ca.

Infection and Immunity, October 2001, p. 6217-6224, Vol. 69, No. 10
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6217-6224.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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