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Infection and Immunity, October 2001, p. 6323-6335, Vol. 69, No. 10
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6323-6335.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Locus of Enterocyte Effacement from Citrobacter rodentium: Sequence Analysis and Evidence for Horizontal Transfer among Attaching and Effacing Pathogens

Wanyin Deng, Yuling Li, Bruce A. Vallance, and B. Brett Finlay*

Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada

Received 26 April 2001/Returned for modification 22 June 2001/Accepted 19 July 2001

The family of attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial pathogens, which includes diarrheagenic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), remains a significant threat to human and animal health. These bacteria intimately attach to host intestinal cells, causing the effacement of brush border microvilli. The genes responsible for this phenotype are encoded in a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Citrobacter rodentium is the only known murine A/E pathogen and serves as a small animal model for EPEC and EHEC infections. Here we report the full DNA sequence of C. rodentium LEE and provide a comparative analysis with the published LEEs from EPEC, EHEC, and the rabbit diarrheagenic E. coli strain RDEC-1. Although C. rodentium LEE shows high similarities throughout the entire sequence and shares all 41 open reading frames with the LEE from EPEC, EHEC, and RDEC-1, it is unique in its location of the rorf1 and rorf2/espG genes and the presence of several insertion sequences (IS) and IS remnants. The LEE of EPEC and EHEC is inserted into the selC tRNA gene. In contrast, the Citrobacter LEE is flanked on one side by an operon encoding an ABC transport system, and an IS element and sequences homologous to Shigella plasmid R100 and EHEC pO157 flank the other. The presence of plasmid sequences next to C. rodentium LEE suggests that the prototype LEE resided on a horizontally transferable plasmid. Additional sequence analysis reveals that the 3-kb plasmid in C. rodentium is nearly identical to p9705 in EHEC O157:H7, suggesting that horizontal plasmid transfer among A/E pathogens has occurred. Our results indicate that the LEE has been acquired by C. rodentium and A/E E. coli strains independently during evolution.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biotechnology Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Room 237 Wesbrook Building, 6174 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. Phone: (604) 822-2210. Fax: (604) 822-9830. E-mail: bfinlay{at}unixg.ubc.ca.

Infection and Immunity, October 2001, p. 6323-6335, Vol. 69, No. 10
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6323-6335.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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