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Infection and Immunity, October 2001, p. 6445-6455, Vol. 69, No. 10
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6445-6455.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Both Th1 and Th2 Cytokines Affect the Ability of Monoclonal Antibodies To Protect Mice against Cryptococcus neoformans

David O. Beenhouwer,^1,2, Scott Shapiro,¹ Marta Feldmesser,² Arturo Casadevall,^2,3 and Matthew D. Scharff^1,*

Departments of Cell Biology,¹ Medicine,² and Microbiology and Immunology,³ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461

Received 29 March 2001/Returned for modification 10 May 2001/Accepted 28 June 2001

Variable-region-identical mouse immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2b, and IgG2a monoclonal antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans prolong the lives of mice infected with this fungus, while IgG3 is either not protective or enhances infection. CD4⁺ T cells are required for IgG1-mediated protection, and CD8⁺ T cells are required for IgG3-mediated enhancement. Gamma interferon is required for both effects. These findings revealed that T cells and cytokines play a role in the modulation of cryptococcal infection by antibodies and suggested that it was important to more fully define the cytokine requirements of each of the antibody isotypes. We therefore investigated the efficacy of passively administered variable-region-identical IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 monoclonal antibodies against intravenous infection with C. neoformans in mice genetically deficient in interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-6, IL-4, or IL-10, as well as in the parental C57BL/6J strain. The relative inherent susceptibilities of these mouse strains to C. neoformans were as follows: IL-12^/ > IL-6^/ > C57BL/6J  IL-4^/ IL-10^/. This is consistent with the notion that a Th1 response is necessary for natural immunity against cryptococcal infection. However, none of the IgG isotypes prolonged survival in IL-12^/, IL-6^/, or IL-4^/ mice, and all isotypes significantly enhanced infection in IL-10^/ mice. These results indicate that passive antibody-mediated protection against C. neoformans requires both Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines and reveal the complexity of the mechanisms through which antibodies modulate infection with this organism.

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^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461. Phone: (718) 430-3527. Fax: (718) 430-8574. E-mail: scharff{at}aecom.yu.edu.

Present address: University of California Los Angeles, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1489.

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Infection and Immunity, October 2001, p. 6445-6455, Vol. 69, No. 10
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6445-6455.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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