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Infection and Immunity, December 2001, p. 7550-7558, Vol. 69, No. 12
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7550-7558.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Protective Killed Leptospira borgpetersenii Vaccine Induces Potent Th1 Immunity Comprising Responses by CD4 and gamma delta T Lymphocytes

Brian M. Naiman,1 David Alt,2 Carole A. Bolin,3 Richard Zuerner,2 and Cynthia L. Baldwin1,*

Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 010031; Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa 500102; and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 488243

Received 14 May 2001/Accepted 20 September 2001

Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo is the most common cause of bovine leptospirosis and also causes zoonotic infections of humans. A protective killed vaccine against serovar hardjo was shown to induce strong antigen-specific proliferative responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from vaccinated cattle by 2 months after the first dose of vaccine. This response was absent from nonvaccinated control cattle. The mean response peaked by 2 months after completion of the two-dose vaccination regimen, and substantial proliferation was measured in in vitro cultures throughout the 7 months of the study period. Variations in magnitude of the response occurred among the vaccinated animals, but by 7 months postvaccination there was a substantial antigen-specific response with PBMC from all vaccinated animals. Up to one-third of the PBMC from vaccinated animals produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma ) after 7 days in culture with antigen, as ascertained by flow cytometric analysis, and significant levels of IFN-gamma were measured in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two-color immunofluorescence revealed that one-third of the IFN-gamma -producing cells were gamma delta T cells, with the remaining cells being CD4+ T cells. The significance of this study is the very potent Th1-type immune response induced and sustained following vaccination with a killed bacterial vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide and the involvement of gamma delta T cells in the response. Moreover, induction of this Th1-type cellular immune response is associated with the protection afforded by the bovine leptospiral vaccine against L. borgpetersenii serovar hardjo.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 410 Paige Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003. Phone (413) 545-3167. Fax (413) 545-6326. E-mail: cbaldwin{at}vasci.umass.edu.

Infection and Immunity, December 2001, p. 7550-7558, Vol. 69, No. 12
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7550-7558.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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