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Infection and Immunity, February 2001, p. 1109-1119, Vol. 69, No. 2
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.2.1109-1119.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Rapid, Transient Phosphatidylserine Externalization Induced in Host Cells by Infection with Chlamydia spp.

Samuel R. Goth1 and Richard S. Stephens1,2,*

Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,1 and The Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California 941432

Received 5 July 2000/Returned for modification 16 August 2000/Accepted 25 October 2000

Chlamydia organisms are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens responsible for a range of human diseases. Persistent infection or reinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis leads to scarring of ocular or genital tissues, and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is associated with the development of atherosclerosis. We demonstrate that C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae infection in vitro elicits the externalization of the lipid phosphatidylserine on the surface of human epithelial, endothelial, granulocytic, and monocytic cells. Phosphatidylserine externalization is associated with cellular development, differentiation, and death. Infection-induced phosphatidylserine externalization was immediate, transient, calcium dependent, and infectious dose dependent and was unaffected by a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor. Chlamydia-infected cells accelerated plasma clotting and increased the macrophage phagocytosis of infected cells that was phosphatidylserine dependent. The rapid externalization of phosphatidylserine by infected cells may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infections.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 235 Warren Hall, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360. Phone: (510) 643-9900. Fax: (510) 643-1537. E-mail: rss{at}uclink4.berkeley.edu.

Infection and Immunity, February 2001, p. 1109-1119, Vol. 69, No. 2
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.2.1109-1119.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.