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Infection and Immunity, March 2001, p. 1536-1546, Vol. 69, No. 3
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1536-1546.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Efficacy of Two Alternate Vaccines Based on Plasmodium
falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 in an
Aotus Challenge Trial
Anthony W.
Stowers,1,*
Vittoria
Cioce,2
Richard L.
Shimp,1
Mark
Lawson,1
George
Hui,3
Olga
Muratova,1
David C.
Kaslow,1,
Robin
Robinson,2
Carole A.
Long,1 and
Louis H.
Miller1
Malaria Vaccine Development Unit, National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of
Health,1 and Novavax,
Inc.,2 Rockville, Maryland, and
Department of Tropical Medicine and Medical Microbiology,
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii3
Received 13 September 2000/Returned for modification 20 November
2000/Accepted 1 December 2000
In an attempt to produce a more defined, clinical-grade version of
a vaccine based on Plasmodium falciparum merozoite
surface protein 1 (MSP1), we evaluated the efficacy of two recombinant forms of MSP1 in an Aotus nancymai challenge model
system. One recombinant vaccine, bvMSP142, based on the
42-kDa C-terminal portion of MSP1, was expressed as a secreted protein
in baculovirus-infected insect cells. A highly pure baculovirus product
could be reproducibly expressed and purified at yields in excess of 8 mg of pure protein per liter of culture. This protein, when tested for
efficacy in the Aotus challenge model, gave significant
protection, with only one of seven monkeys requiring treatment for
uncontrolled parasitemia after challenge with P.
falciparum. The second recombinant protein, P30P2MSP119, has been used in previous studies and is based
on the smaller, C-terminal 19-kDa portion of MSP1 expressed in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Substantial changes were made
in its production process to optimize expression. The optimum form of
this vaccine antigen (as judged by in vitro and in vivo indicators) was
then evaluated, along with bvMSP142, for efficacy in the
A. nancymai system. The new formulation of
P30P3MSP119 performed significantly worse than bvMSP142 and appeared to be less efficacious than we have
found in the past, with four of seven monkeys in the vaccinated group requiring treatment for uncontrolled parasitemia. With both antigens, protection was seen only when high antibody levels were obtained by
formulation of the vaccines in Freund's adjuvant. Vaccine formulation in an alternate adjuvant, MF59, resulted in significantly lower antibody titers and no protection.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Malaria Vaccine
Development Unit, LPD/NIAID/NIH, Twinbrook II Room 103, 12441 Parklawn Dr., Rockville, MD 20852. Phone: (301) 435-2968. Fax: (301) 435-6725. E-mail: astowers{at}niaid.nih.gov.

Present address: Viral and Vaccine Research, Merck Research
Laboratories, West Point, PA
19486.
Infection and Immunity, March 2001, p. 1536-1546, Vol. 69, No. 3
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1536-1546.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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