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Infection and Immunity, March 2001, p. 1574-1580, Vol. 69, No. 3
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1574-1580.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Human Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides Is
Associated with Suppression of the Interleukin-2 Response to
Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit following Vaccination with
the Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR
Philip J.
Cooper,1,*
Martha
Chico,2
Carlos
Sandoval,2
Ivan
Espinel,2
Angel
Guevara,2
Myron M.
Levine,3
George E.
Griffin,4 and
Thomas
B.
Nutman1
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 208921;
Department of Clinical Investigations, Hospital Vozandes,
Quito, Ecuador2; Center for Vaccine
Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
212013; and St. George's Hospital
Medical School, Tooting, London, United Kingdom4
Received 16 August 2000/Returned for modification 1 October
2000/Accepted 8 December 2000
To investigate the potential immunomodulatory effects of concurrent
ascariasis on the cytokine response to a live oral vaccine, we measured
cytokine responses to cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B) following
vaccination with the live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in
Ascaris lumbricoides-infected subjects randomized in a
double-blind study to receive two doses of either albendazole or
placebo prior to vaccination and in a group of healthy U.S. controls.
Postvaccination cytokine responses to CT-B were characterized by
transient increases in the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2;
P = 0.02) and gamma interferon (IFN-
;
P = 0.001) in the three study groups combined; however, postvaccination increases in IFN-
were significant only in
the albendazole-treated A. lumbricoides infection group
(P = 0.008). Postvaccination levels of IL-2 were
significantly greater in the albendazole-treated group compared with
the placebo group (P = 0.03). No changes in levels of
Th1 and Th2 cytokines in response to control ascaris antigens were
observed over the same period. These findings indicate that vaccination
with CVD 103-HgR is associated with a Th1 cytokine response (IL-2 and
IFN-
) to CT-B, that infection with A. lumbricoides
diminishes the magnitude of this response, and that albendazole
treatment prior to vaccination was able to partially reverse the
deficit in IL-2. The potential modulation of the immune response to
oral vaccines by geohelminth parasites has important implications for
the design of vaccination campaigns in geohelminth-endemic areas.
*
Corresponding author. Present address: Division of
Infectious Diseases, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer
Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-20-8725-5827. Fax: 44-20-8725-3487. E-mail: pc102d{at}hotmail.com.
Infection and Immunity, March 2001, p. 1574-1580, Vol. 69, No. 3
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1574-1580.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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