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Infection and Immunity, March 2001, p. 1574-1580, Vol. 69, No. 3
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1574-1580.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Human Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides Is Associated with Suppression of the Interleukin-2 Response to Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit following Vaccination with the Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR

Philip J. Cooper,1,* Martha Chico,2 Carlos Sandoval,2 Ivan Espinel,2 Angel Guevara,2 Myron M. Levine,3 George E. Griffin,4 and Thomas B. Nutman1

Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 208921; Department of Clinical Investigations, Hospital Vozandes, Quito, Ecuador2; Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 212013; and St. George's Hospital Medical School, Tooting, London, United Kingdom4

Received 16 August 2000/Returned for modification 1 October 2000/Accepted 8 December 2000

To investigate the potential immunomodulatory effects of concurrent ascariasis on the cytokine response to a live oral vaccine, we measured cytokine responses to cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B) following vaccination with the live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Ascaris lumbricoides-infected subjects randomized in a double-blind study to receive two doses of either albendazole or placebo prior to vaccination and in a group of healthy U.S. controls. Postvaccination cytokine responses to CT-B were characterized by transient increases in the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2; P = 0.02) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma ; P = 0.001) in the three study groups combined; however, postvaccination increases in IFN-gamma were significant only in the albendazole-treated A. lumbricoides infection group (P = 0.008). Postvaccination levels of IL-2 were significantly greater in the albendazole-treated group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.03). No changes in levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in response to control ascaris antigens were observed over the same period. These findings indicate that vaccination with CVD 103-HgR is associated with a Th1 cytokine response (IL-2 and IFN-gamma ) to CT-B, that infection with A. lumbricoides diminishes the magnitude of this response, and that albendazole treatment prior to vaccination was able to partially reverse the deficit in IL-2. The potential modulation of the immune response to oral vaccines by geohelminth parasites has important implications for the design of vaccination campaigns in geohelminth-endemic areas.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Division of Infectious Diseases, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-20-8725-5827. Fax: 44-20-8725-3487. E-mail: pc102d{at}hotmail.com.

Infection and Immunity, March 2001, p. 1574-1580, Vol. 69, No. 3
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1574-1580.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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