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Infection and Immunity, April 2001, p. 2549-2557, Vol. 69, No. 4
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.4.2549-2557.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Haemophilus ducreyi Associates with Phagocytes, Collagen, and Fibrin and Remains Extracellular throughout Infection of Human Volunteers

Margaret E. Bauer,1,* Michael P. Goheen,2 Carisa A. Townsend,1 and Stanley M. Spinola1,2,3

Departments of Medicine,1 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,2 and Microbiology and Immunology,3 Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202

Received 6 November 2000/Returned for modification 3 January 2001/Accepted 11 January 2001

In a previous study, Haemophilus ducreyi was found in the pustule and dermis of samples obtained at the clinical end point in the human model of infection. To understand the kinetics of localization, we examined infected sites at 0, 24, and 48 h after inoculation and at the clinical end point. Immediately after inoculation, bacteria were found predominantly in the dermis but also in the epidermis. Few bacteria were detectable at 24 h; however, by 48 h, bacteria were readily seen in the pustule and dermis. H. ducreyi was associated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in the pustule and at its base, but was not associated with T cells, Langerhans' cells, or fibroblasts. H. ducreyi colocalized with collagen and fibrin but not laminin or fibronectin. Association with phagocytes, collagen, and fibrin was seen as early as 48 h and persisted at the pustular stage of disease. Optical sectioning by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy both failed to demonstrate intracellular H. ducreyi. These data identify collagen and fibrin as potentially important targets of adherence in vivo and strongly suggest that H. ducreyi remains extracellular throughout infection and survives by resisting phagocytic killing in vivo.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Indiana University School of Medicine, Emerson Hall 435, 545 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202. Phone: (317) 274-8143. Fax: (317) 274-1587. E-mail: mebauer{at}iupui.edu.

Infection and Immunity, April 2001, p. 2549-2557, Vol. 69, No. 4
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.4.2549-2557.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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