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Infection and Immunity, May 2001, p. 2980-2987, Vol. 69, No. 5
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.5.2980-2987.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Cellular Uptake of the Clostridium perfringens Binary Iota-Toxin

Dagmar Blöcker,1 Joachim Behlke,2 Klaus Aktories,1,* and Holger Barth1

Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg,1 and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, D-13092 Berlin,2 Germany

Received 14 November 2000/Returned for modification 21 December 2000/Accepted 30 January 2001

The binary iota-toxin is produced by Clostridium perfringens type E strains and consists of two separate proteins, the binding component iota b (98 kDa) and an actin-ADP-ribosylating enzyme component iota a (47 kDa). Iota b binds to the cell surface receptor and mediates the translocation of iota a into the cytosol. Here we studied the cellular uptake of iota-toxin into Vero cells. Bafilomycin A1, but not brefeldin A or nocodazole, inhibited the cytotoxic effects of iota-toxin, indicating that toxin is translocated from an endosomal compartment into the cytoplasm. Acidification (pH <=  5.0) of the extracellular medium enabled iota a to directly enter the cytosol in the presence of iota b. Activation by chymotrypsin induced oligomerization of iota b in solution. An average mass of 530 ± 28 kDa for oligomers was determined by analytical ultracentrifugation, indicating heptamer formation. The entry of iota-toxin into polarized CaCo-2 cells was studied by measuring the decrease in transepithelial resistance after toxin treatment. Iota-toxin led to a significant decrease in resistance when it was applied to the basolateral surface of the cells but not following application to the apical surface, indicating a polarized localization of the iota-toxin receptor.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Hermann-Herder-Str. 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Phone: 49-761-2035301. Fax: 49-761-2035311. E-mail: aktories{at}uni-freiburg.de.

Infection and Immunity, May 2001, p. 2980-2987, Vol. 69, No. 5
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.5.2980-2987.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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