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Infection and Immunity, May 2001, p. 3041-3047, Vol. 69, No. 5
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.5.3041-3047.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Improved Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Tuberculosis DNA Vaccine Encoding Ag85 by Protein Boosting

Audrey Tanghe,1 Sushila D'Souza,1 Valérie Rosseels,1 Olivier Denis,1 Thomas H. M. Ottenhoff,2 Wilfried Dalemans,3 Carl Wheeler,4 and Kris Huygen1,*

Pasteur Institute of Brussels, Mycobacterial Immunology, B1180 Brussels,1 and SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, B1330 Rixensart,3 Belgium; Leiden University Medical Center, ZA 2333, Leiden, The Netherlands2; and Vical Incorporated, San Diego, California 921214

Received 9 November 2000/Returned for modification 14 November 2000/Accepted 8 February 2001

C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding Ag85 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with Ag85 protein in adjuvant, or with a combined DNA prime-protein boost regimen. While DNA immunization, as previously described, induced robust Th1-type cytokine responses, protein-in-adjuvant vaccination elicited very poor cytokine responses, which were 10-fold lower than those observed with DNA immunization alone. Injection of Ag85 DNA-primed mice with 30 to 100 µg of purified Ag85 protein in adjuvant increased the interleukin-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma ) response in spleen two- to fourfold. Further, intracellular cytokine analysis by flow cytometry also showed an increase in IFN-gamma -producing CD4+ T cells in DNA-primed-protein-boosted animals, compared to those that received only the DNA vaccination. Moreover, these responses appeared to be better sustained over time. Antibodies were readily produced by all three methods of immunization but were exclusively of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype following protein immunization in adjuvant and preferentially of the IgG2a isotype following DNA and DNA prime-protein boost vaccination. Finally, protein boosting increased the protective efficacy of the DNA vaccine against an intravenous M. tuberculosis H37Rv challenge infection, as measured by CFU or relative light unit counts in lungs 1 and 2 months after infection. The capacity of exogenously given protein to boost the DNA-primed vaccination effect underlines the dominant role of Th1-type CD4+ helper T cells in mediating protection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Mycobacterial Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Brussels, 642 Engelandstraat, B1180 Brussels, Belgium. Phone: 32.2.373.33.70. Fax: 32.2.373.33.67. E-mail: khuygen{at}pasteur.be.

Infection and Immunity, May 2001, p. 3041-3047, Vol. 69, No. 5
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.5.3041-3047.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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