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Infection and Immunity, May 2001, p. 3057-3066, Vol. 69, No. 5
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.5.3057-3066.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Antigenic Variation of Anaplasma Marginale: Major Surface Protein 2 Diversity during Cyclic Transmission between Ticks and Cattle

A. F. Barbet,1,* Jooyoung Yi,1 Anna Lundgren,1 B. R. McEwen,2 E. F. Blouin,2 and K. M. Kocan2

Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611,1 and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 740782

Received 21 November 2000/Returned for modification 18 January 2001/Accepted 8 February 2001

The rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale expresses a variable immunodominant outer membrane protein, major surface protein 2 (MSP2), involved in antigenic variation and long-term persistence of the organism in carrier animals. MSP2 contains a central hypervariable region of about 100 amino acids that encodes immunogenic B-cell epitopes that induce variant-specific antibodies during infection. Previously, we have shown that MSP2 is encoded on a polycistronic mRNA transcript in erythrocyte stages of A. marginale and defined the structure of the genomic expression site for this transcript. In this study, we show that the same expression site is utilized in stages of A. marginale infecting tick salivary glands. We also analyzed the variability of this genomic expression site in Oklahoma strain A. marginale transmitted from in vitro cultures to cattle and between cattle and ticks. The structure of the expression site and flanking regions was conserved except for sequence that encoded the MSP2 hypervariable region. At least three different MSP2 variants were encoded in each A. marginale population. The major sequence variants did not change on passage of A. marginale between culture, acute erythrocyte stage infections, and tick salivary glands but did change during persistent infections of cattle. The variant types found in tick salivary glands most closely resembled those present in bovine blood at the time of acquisition of infection, whether infection was acquired from an acute or from a persistent rickettsemia. These variations in structure of an expression site for a major, immunoprotective outer membrane protein have important implications for vaccine development and for obtaining an improved understanding of the mechanisms of persistence of ehrlichial infections in humans, domestic animals, and reservoir hosts.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 110880, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880. Phone: (352) 392-4700, ext. 5819. Fax: (352) 392-9704. E-mail: barbeta{at}mail.vetmed.ufl.edu.

Infection and Immunity, May 2001, p. 3057-3066, Vol. 69, No. 5
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.5.3057-3066.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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