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Infection and Immunity, June 2001, p. 3550-3555, Vol. 69, No. 6
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.6.3550-3555.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Dependent Adhesions as a Major Protective Mechanism Early in Septic Peritonitis in Mice

Bernd Echtenacher,1 Karin Weigl,1 Norbert Lehn,2 and Daniela N. Männel1,*

Department of Pathology, Tumor Immunology,1 and Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene,2 University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany

Received 24 August 2000/Returned for modification 24 January 2001/Accepted 2 March 2001

The occurrence of peritoneal adhesions in surgical patients is positively correlated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels. In a model of septic peritonitis---cecal ligation and puncture---TNF neutralization prevented formation of peritoneal adhesions and increased mortality, most likely because localization of the septic focus was prevented. To discriminate between the coagulation-independent protective TNF effect and a potential protective procoagulant TNF effect, formation of peritoneal adhesions after CLP was inhibited with heparin, hirudin, or urokinase. Each treatment increased mortality and increased the number of bacteria in the peritoneal lavage fluid, kidney, and liver to various degrees. Under these experimental conditions, antibiotics prevented death. In coagulation-compromised mice, lethality was further enhanced by additional TNF neutralization. These findings demonstrate that peritoneal adhesions early in septic peritonitis are an important mechanism of innate immunity that prevents increased spread of bacteria and reduces mortality.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany. Phone: 49.941.944.6622. Fax: 49.941.944.6602. E-mail: daniela.maennel{at}klinik.uni-regensburg.de.

Infection and Immunity, June 2001, p. 3550-3555, Vol. 69, No. 6
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.6.3550-3555.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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