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Infection and Immunity, July 2001, p. 4473-4478, Vol. 69, No. 7
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.7.4473-4478.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Adherence Properties of Staphylococcus aureus under Static and Flow Conditions: Roles of agr and sar Loci, Platelets, and Plasma Ligands

Boris Shenkman,1 Ethan Rubinstein,2,* Ambrose L. Cheung,3 Grigory E. Brill,4 Rima Dardik,1 Ilya Tamarin,1 Naphtali Savion,5 and David Varon1

Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis1 and Unit of Infectious Diseases,2 Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv,5 Israel; Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York3; and Central Laboratory of Saratov Medical University, Saratov, Russia4

Received 22 January 2001/Returned for modification 2 March 2001/Accepted 9 April 2001

Global regulatory genes in Staphylococcus aureus, including agr and sar, are known to regulate the expression of multiple virulence factors, including cell wall adhesins. In the present study, the adherence of S. aureus RN6390 (wild type), RN6911 (agr), ALC136 (sar), and ALC135 (agr sar) to immobilized fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor (vWF), extracellular matrix (ECM), and human endothelial cells (EC) EAhy.926 was studied. Bacteria grown to postexponential phase were subjected to light oscillation (static condition) or to shear stress at 200 s-1 (flow condition) on tissue culture polystyrene plates coated with either protein ligands, ECM, or EC. Adherence of nonlabeled bacteria to immobilized ligands was measured by an image analysis system, while adherence of [3H]thymidine-labeled S. aureus to ECM and EC was measured by a beta -scintillation counter. The results showed increased adherence of agr and agr sar mutants to immobilized fibrinogen and higher potential of these mutants to induce platelet aggregation in suspension, decreased adherence of sar and agr sar mutants to immobilized fibronectin and vWF as well as to ECM and EC, increased adherence of both S. aureus wild type and sar mutant to EC treated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) compared to platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and to EC treated with PPP compared to the control, and increased adherence of S. aureus wild type to EC coated with PRP in which platelets were activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate compared to intact PRP. This finding paralleled the increased adherence to EC of activated compared to intact platelets. It is suggested that platelet-mediated S. aureus adherence to EC depends on platelet activation and the number of adherent platelets and available receptors on the platelet membrane. In conclusion, the agr locus downregulates S. aureus adherence to fibrinogen, while the sar locus upregulates S. aureus adherence to fibronectin, vWF, ECM, and EC. The effect of both agr and sar on S. aureus adherence properties develops primarily under flow conditions, which suggests different adhesion mechanisms in static and flow conditions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel. Phone: 972-3-5303500. Fax: 972-3-5347081. E-mail: unit{at}netvision.net.il.

Infection and Immunity, July 2001, p. 4473-4478, Vol. 69, No. 7
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.7.4473-4478.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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