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Infection and Immunity, August 2001, p. 5207-5211, Vol. 69, No. 8
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.8.5207-5211.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Evolutionary Relationships among Virulence-Associated Histidine Kinases

Fiona S. L. Brinkman,1 Emma L. A. Macfarlane,1 Paul Warrener,2 and Robert E. W. Hancock1,*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada,1 and Pathogenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington 981192

Received 11 January 2001/Returned for modification 10 April 2001/Accepted 11 May 2001

A strong relationship between virulence-associated sensor histidine kinases of fungi and those in Streptomyces coelicolor was observed, and phylogenetic analysis suggested that bacterium-to-eukaryote horizontal gene transfer had occurred between ancestors of these organisms. Phylogenetic analysis also identified a group of histidine kinases orthologous to the Streptomyces proteins that includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa GacS. We provide evidence that GacS is important for swarming motility, lipase production, and virulence in mice and had evolved to have partial functional overlaps with PhoQ, a less-related virulence-associated histidine kinase.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 300-6174 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Phone: (604) 822-2682. Fax: (604) 822-6041. E-mail: bob{at}cmdr.ubc.ca.

Infection and Immunity, August 2001, p. 5207-5211, Vol. 69, No. 8
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.8.5207-5211.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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