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Infection and Immunity, September 2001, p. 5520-5528, Vol. 69, No. 9
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.9.5520-5528.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Genotypic Variation in the Bordetella pertussis Virulence Factors Pertactin and Pertussis Toxin in Historical and Recent Clinical Isolates in the United Kingdom

Norman K. Fry,1,* Shona Neal,1 Timothy G. Harrison,1 Elizabeth Miller,2 Ruth Matthews,3 and Robert C. George1

Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, PHLS Central Public Health Laboratory,1 and Immunisation Division, PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre,2 London, and Pertussis Reference Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Central Manchester Healthcare Trust, Manchester,3 United Kingdom

Received 22 February 2001/Returned for modification 11 April 2001/Accepted 1 May 2001

The reemergence of pertussis has been reported in several countries despite high vaccination coverage. Studies in The Netherlands and Finland have investigated polymorphism in the genes coding for two important virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis, pertactin and pertussis toxin, and identified the emergence and subsequent dominance in circulating strains of pertactin and toxin variants not found in the whole-cell vaccine (WCV). The study described here investigated whether such variation had occurred in the United Kingdom, which presently has low levels of pertussis. Sequence analysis of the genes for pertactin (prnA) and the pertussis toxin S1 subunit (ptxA) among isolates of B. pertussis from 285 United Kingdom patients, from 1920 to 1999, revealed three prnA variants, prnA(1), prnA(2), and prnA(3), and two ptxA variants, ptxA(1) and ptxA(2), showing differences in nucleic acid sequence. The proportion of pertactin gene types not included in the United Kingdom WCV, i.e., prnA(2) and prnA(3), has increased in recent years and was found in 21 of 86 (24%) strains from the 1980s and 56 of 105 (53%) strains from the 1990s. To date, the presence of these nonvaccine prnA types has not been associated with a resurgence of pertussis in the United Kingdom. The distribution of prnA and ptxA types in The Netherlands, Finland, and the United Kingdom in the 1990s is distinct. The most striking difference in the United Kingdom isolates is that all 105 of the most recent circulating strains (from 1998 to 1999) are of a pertussis toxin type found in the United Kingdom WCV, i.e., ptxA(1).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, PHLS Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Ave., London NW9 5HT, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 (0)208 200 4400. Fax: 44 (0)208 205 6528. E-mail: nfry{at}phls.org.uk.

Infection and Immunity, September 2001, p. 5520-5528, Vol. 69, No. 9
0019-9567/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.9.5520-5528.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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