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Identification of Two Distinct Subpopulations of Leishmania major-Specific T Helper 2 Cells

Department of Immunology, Division of Investigative Science, Faculty of Medicine,¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom,² Division of Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland³

Received 26 April 2002/ Returned for modification 11 June 2002/ Accepted 5 July 2002

It is widely accepted that a strong Th2 response is responsible for nonhealing Leishmania major infections in BALB/c mice. This Th2 response has been thoroughly documented by measuring the levels of Th2 cytokines produced by CD4⁺ T cells present in the lymphoid organs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR. However, the cytokine profile of L. major-specific Th2 cells has never been determined. In this study, we used the recently described Th2 marker T1/ST2 to characterize Th2 cells during the course of nonhealing L. major infection. We analyzed the intracellular cytokine profile of CD4⁺ T1/ST2⁺ T cells and showed that they clearly displayed a Th2 phenotype, as they expressed interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-5. In addition, we detected another population of Th2 cells among the CD4⁺ T1/ST2^- T cells that expressed IL-4 and IL-10 but excluded IL-5. In summary, we show here that two type 2 subpopulations are present in the lymphoid organs of L. major-infected BALB/c mice; Th2 cells from both subsets expressed IL-4 and IL-10, but they could be distinguished by their expression of IL-5 and T1/ST2.

Editor: S. H. E. Kaufmann

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