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Infection and Immunity, November 2002, p. 6147-6157, Vol. 70, No. 11
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.11.6147-6157.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evaluation of Type 1 Immune Response in Naïve and Vaccinated Animals following Challenge with Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo: Involvement of WC1+ {gamma}{delta} and CD4 T Cells

Brian M. Naiman,1 Seth Blumerman,1 David Alt,2 Carole A. Bolin,3 Rachel Brown,1 Richard Zuerner,2 and Cynthia L. Baldwin1*

Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003,1 Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010,2 Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 488243

Received 1 May 2002/ Returned for modification 4 June 2002/ Accepted 15 July 2002

Organisms within the Hardjo serovar of Leptospira species are harbored in cattle throughout the world, causing abortion in pregnant animals as well as being shed in the urine, thereby providing sources of zoonotic infection for humans. We recently showed that sterile immunity in vaccinated cattle is associated with induction of a type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immune response. Here naïve and previously vaccinated pregnant cattle were challenged with a virulent strain of serovar Hardjo and subsequently evaluated for expression of a type 1 immune response. Lymphocytes that responded in a recall response to antigen by undergoing blast transformation were evident in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from vaccinated cattle throughout the postchallenge test period while those from naïve cattle were evident at one time point only. Nevertheless, beginning at 2 weeks after challenge, gamma interferon (IFN-{gamma}) was measured in supernatants of antigen-stimulated PBMC cultures from nonvaccinated animals although the amount produced was always less than that in cultures of PBMC from vaccinated animals. IFN-{gamma}+ cells were also evident in antigen-stimulated cultures of PBMC from vaccinated but not from nonvaccinated animals throughout the postchallenge period. The IFN-{gamma}+ cells included CD4+ and WC1+ {gamma}{delta} T cells, and a similar proportion of these two subpopulations were found among the dividing cells in antigen-stimulated cultures as ascertained by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester loading. Finally, while naïve and vaccinated animals had similar levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) following challenge, vaccinated animals had twofold-more IgG2. In conclusion, while infection may induce a type 1 response we suggest that it is too weak to prevent establishment of chronic infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Paige Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003. Phone: (413) 545-3167. Fax: (413) 545-6326. E-mail: cbaldwin{at}vasci.umass.edu.

Editor: W. A. Petri, Jr.

Infection and Immunity, November 2002, p. 6147-6157, Vol. 70, No. 11
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.11.6147-6157.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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