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Infection and Immunity, November 2002, p. 6196-6205, Vol. 70, No. 11
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.11.6196-6205.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Harbors a Type IV Pilus Gene Cluster That Contributes to Pathogenicity

François Collyn,1,2 Marie-Annick Léty,3 Shamila Nair,3 Vincent Escuyer,3 Amena Ben Younes,2 Michel Simonet,1,2* and Michaël Marceau1,2

Equipe Mixte Inserm (E9919)-Université (JE2225)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille,1 Institut Fédérératif de Recherche 17, 59021 Lille,2 Inserm U411, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France3

Received 13 May 2002/ Returned for modification 25 June 2002/ Accepted 29 July 2002

Fimbriae have been shown to play an essential role in the adhesion of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria to host cells. In the enteroinvasive bacterium Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, we characterized a previously unknown 11-kb chromosomal locus involved in the synthesis of type IV pili. The locus consists of 11 open reading frames forming a polycistronic unit and encoding putative Pil proteins, PilLMNOPQRSUVW. When introduced into Escherichia coli, the Y. pseudotuberculosis operon reconstituted bundles of filaments at a pole on the bacterial surface, demonstrating that the pil locus was functional in a heterogenous genetic background. Environmental factors regulated transcription of the Y. pseudotuberculosis operon; in particular, temperature, osmolarity, and oxygen tension were critical cues. Deletion of the type IV pilus gene cluster was associated with a reduction of Y. pseudotuberculosis pathogenicity for mice infected orally. Forty-one percent of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from human or animal sources harbored the type IV pilus locus. Therefore, the pil locus of Y. pseudotuberculosis might constitute an "adaptation island," permitting the microorganism to colonize a vast reservoir.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Département de Pathogenèse des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59021 Lille Cedex, France. Phone: 33 3 20 87 11 78. Fax: 33 3 20 87 11 83. E-mail: michel.simonet{at}ibl.fr.

Editor: J. T. Barbieri

Infection and Immunity, November 2002, p. 6196-6205, Vol. 70, No. 11
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.11.6196-6205.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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