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Infection and Immunity, March 2002, p. 1410-1416, Vol. 70, No. 3
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.3.1410-1416.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Lymphocyte Recruitment and Protective Efficacy against Pulmonary Mycobacterial Infection Are Independent of the Route of Prior Mycobacterium bovis BCG Immunization

Umaimainthan Palendira,^1,2 Andrew G. D. Bean,^1, Carl G. Feng,¹ and Warwick J. Britton^1,3*

Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, New South Wales 2042,¹ Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland 4029 ,² Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia³

Received 7 September 2001/ Returned for modification 1 November 2001/ Accepted 21 November 2001

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects humans through the lung, and immunity to this chronic infection is mediated primarily by CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. Recently we have demonstrated that the recruitment of lymphocytes to the lung during primary aerosol M. tuberculosis infection in mice occurs predominantly through the interaction of ₄ß₁ integrin on CD4⁺ T cells and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 on the pulmonary endothelium. To investigate the effect of route of immunization with Mycobacterium bovis BCG on the pattern of T-cell recruitment to the lung, we have analyzed the differences in expression of integrins on activated memory CD4⁺ T cells infiltrating the lung following primary BCG immunization by aerosol, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes and after subsequent aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis. There were marked differences in the patterns of recruitment of activated CD4⁺ T cells to the lung following primary immunization by the three routes. Expansion of CD44^hi CD62L^low CD4⁺ T cells in the lung occurred following aerosol and intravenous BCG immunizations, and the lymphocyte recruitment was proportional to the pulmonary bacterial load. The majority of infiltrating CD4⁺ T cells expressed ₄ß₁ integrin. On subsequent exposure to aerosol BCG rapid expansion of gamma interferon-secreting ₄ß₁⁺ CD4⁺ T cells occurred to the same extent in all immunized mice, regardless of the route of immunization. Similar expansion of ₄ß₁⁺ CD4⁺ memory T cells occurred following M. tuberculosis challenge. The three routes of BCG immunization resulted in the same level of protection against aerosol M. tuberculosis or BCG challenge in both the lungs and spleen. Therefore, recruitment of effector T lymphocytes and protective efficacy against pulmonary mycobacterial infection are independent of the route of prior BCG immunization.

Present adddress: CSIRO, Livestock Industries, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.

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