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Infection and Immunity, April 2002, p. 1881-1888, Vol. 70, No. 4
0019-9567/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.4.1881-1888.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Autocrine and Exocrine Regulation of Interleukin-10 Production in THP-1 Cells Stimulated with Borrelia burgdorferi Lipoproteins

Guillermo H. Giambartolomei,^, Vida A. Dennis,^* Barbara L. Lasater, P. K. Murthy,^, and Mario T. Philipp

Department of Parasitology, Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433

Received 1 November 2001/ Returned for modification 3 January 2002/ Accepted 17 January 2002

We have recently demonstrated that interleukin-10 (IL-10), produced by THP-1 monocytes in response to Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins, dampens the production of concomitantly elicited inflammatory cytokines. Thus, IL-10 could potentially down-regulate inflammatory and microbicidal effector mechanisms of the innate immune response to a B. burgdorferi infection, facilitating the establishment of the spirochete. To understand the mechanism(s) implicated in the regulation of the synthesis and release of IL-10 during early infection, we investigated the autocrine effects of IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), and IL-10 itself, as well as the exocrine effect of IFN- on the production of macrophage-derived IL-10 with lipoprotein as a stimulant. In addition, in view of the differences in the receptor and signal transduction pathways of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial lipoproteins, we also investigated the effects described above with LPS as a stimulant. The THP-1 human monocytic cell line and purified recombinant lipidated OspA (L-OspA) were used as the model target cell and stimulant, respectively. TNF- increased the production of IL-10, as elicited by lipoproteins. The production of IL-10 by THP-1 cells stimulated with L-OspA was autoregulated by a negative feedback mechanism involving the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R). Exogenous IFN- significantly inhibited the production of IL-10. Both autocrine (IL-10) and exocrine (IFN-) inhibition of IL-10 production resulted in an increase in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12. The same results were obtained when the stimulant was LPS. The results further illustrate that IL-10 may play a pivotal role in Lyme disease pathogenesis. Moreover, the regulation of its production with lipoprotein as a stimulant is indistinguishable from that observed when LPS acts as a stimulant.

Editor: R. N. Moore

Present address: Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquífimica, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Parasitology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.) 226001, India.

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